CSCS Chapter 1 UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
True or False: Muscles can only push, not pull. - CORRECT ANSWER - False: muscles
can only pull, not push; but through the system of bony levers, muscle pulling forces can be
manifested as either pulling or pushing forces against external objects. *i.e. think when a muscle
contracts, it is not pushing, but pulling one bone toward another*
How many vertebrae? - CORRECT ANSWER - 7 Cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral
(fused), 3-5 coccygeal
What factors affect skeletal growth in an adult? - CORRECT ANSWER - Muscle use
(when the body is subjected to heavy loads such as during a job or resistance training). Explosive
movements. Axial load and frequency
True or False: All the connective tissue (Epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium) is
contiguous with the tendon - CORRECT ANSWER - True - so tension developed in a
muscle cell (or aka muscle fiber) is transmitted to the tendon and the bone in which it is attached
to
True or False: Each motor neuron innervates many muscle fibers - CORRECT ANSWER -
True, but each muscle cell only has 1 Neuromuscular junction
Where are myosin and actin located? - CORRECT ANSWER - In the sarcomere
The discharge of an action potential from a motor nerve signals: - CORRECT ANSWER -
the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the myofibril causing tension
development in a muscle.
Before a myosin cross bridge can flex, it must first: - CORRECT ANSWER - attach to the
actin filament
, The amount of force produced by a muscle at any given time is directly related to which of the
following.
A. The number of myosin cross bridge heads that are attached to actin filaments.
B. The number of actin cross bridge heads that are attached to myosin filaments.
C. The strength of the attachment between the myosin cross bridge heads and the actin filaments.
D. The strength of the attachment between the actin cross bridge heads and the myosin filaments.
- CORRECT ANSWER -A
What needs to be available for cross bridge cycling to with actin and myosin filaments to occur?
- CORRECT ANSWER - ATP and Calcium (calcium needs to be available for contraction,
and ATP hydrolysis happens to create the power stroke, so therefore once it's broken down the
ADP needs to be replaced with another ATP molecule in order for the head to detach from the
actin and return to original position allowing for the contraction process to continue or relaxation
to occur)
Steps of muscle contraction - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Initiation of ATP splitting (by
myosin ATPase) energizes the myosin head that allows it to move to a position to be able to
bond with actin
2. The release of phosphate from ATP splitting process causes the myosin head to change shape
and shift
3. Powerstroke happens (actin is pulled toward center of the sarcomere); ADP is then released
4. Myosin head detaches after another ATP binds to the myosin head
5. The myosin head is now ready to bind to another actin and the cycle continues as long as ATP
and ATPase are present and calcium is bound to the troponin
the extent of control of a muscle depends on: - CORRECT ANSWER - the number of
muscle fibers within each motor unit (i.e. muscles that must function with great precision, such
as the eyes, may have motor units with as few as one muscle fiber per motor neuron, whereas the
quad may have several hundred fibers served by one motor neuron)
True or false: the action potential that flows along a motor neuron directly excites the muscle
fibers - CORRECT ANSWER - False - the motor neuron excites the muscle fibers that it
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
True or False: Muscles can only push, not pull. - CORRECT ANSWER - False: muscles
can only pull, not push; but through the system of bony levers, muscle pulling forces can be
manifested as either pulling or pushing forces against external objects. *i.e. think when a muscle
contracts, it is not pushing, but pulling one bone toward another*
How many vertebrae? - CORRECT ANSWER - 7 Cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral
(fused), 3-5 coccygeal
What factors affect skeletal growth in an adult? - CORRECT ANSWER - Muscle use
(when the body is subjected to heavy loads such as during a job or resistance training). Explosive
movements. Axial load and frequency
True or False: All the connective tissue (Epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium) is
contiguous with the tendon - CORRECT ANSWER - True - so tension developed in a
muscle cell (or aka muscle fiber) is transmitted to the tendon and the bone in which it is attached
to
True or False: Each motor neuron innervates many muscle fibers - CORRECT ANSWER -
True, but each muscle cell only has 1 Neuromuscular junction
Where are myosin and actin located? - CORRECT ANSWER - In the sarcomere
The discharge of an action potential from a motor nerve signals: - CORRECT ANSWER -
the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the myofibril causing tension
development in a muscle.
Before a myosin cross bridge can flex, it must first: - CORRECT ANSWER - attach to the
actin filament
, The amount of force produced by a muscle at any given time is directly related to which of the
following.
A. The number of myosin cross bridge heads that are attached to actin filaments.
B. The number of actin cross bridge heads that are attached to myosin filaments.
C. The strength of the attachment between the myosin cross bridge heads and the actin filaments.
D. The strength of the attachment between the actin cross bridge heads and the myosin filaments.
- CORRECT ANSWER -A
What needs to be available for cross bridge cycling to with actin and myosin filaments to occur?
- CORRECT ANSWER - ATP and Calcium (calcium needs to be available for contraction,
and ATP hydrolysis happens to create the power stroke, so therefore once it's broken down the
ADP needs to be replaced with another ATP molecule in order for the head to detach from the
actin and return to original position allowing for the contraction process to continue or relaxation
to occur)
Steps of muscle contraction - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Initiation of ATP splitting (by
myosin ATPase) energizes the myosin head that allows it to move to a position to be able to
bond with actin
2. The release of phosphate from ATP splitting process causes the myosin head to change shape
and shift
3. Powerstroke happens (actin is pulled toward center of the sarcomere); ADP is then released
4. Myosin head detaches after another ATP binds to the myosin head
5. The myosin head is now ready to bind to another actin and the cycle continues as long as ATP
and ATPase are present and calcium is bound to the troponin
the extent of control of a muscle depends on: - CORRECT ANSWER - the number of
muscle fibers within each motor unit (i.e. muscles that must function with great precision, such
as the eyes, may have motor units with as few as one muscle fiber per motor neuron, whereas the
quad may have several hundred fibers served by one motor neuron)
True or false: the action potential that flows along a motor neuron directly excites the muscle
fibers - CORRECT ANSWER - False - the motor neuron excites the muscle fibers that it
