Portage A&P1 L3 Exam
Describe the clinical condition that results when the organ pictured above (specified by the
pointer) is not able to function properly. - ANS-When the gallbladder is unable to break down
fat and cholesterol present in the body, gall stones will occur. Pain occurs when these stones
block the duct passing from the gallbladder to the liver.
\Identify the membranous structure pictured above, specified by the pointer, and describe its
function. - ANS-The mesentery, pictured above, anchors the small intestine to the abdominal
cavity keeping it from twisting.
\Identify the sphincter pictured above (specified by the arrow and highlighted in blue) and
describe its function. - ANS-The pyloric sphincter regulates the passage of food from the
stomach to the small intestine. It keeps food from flowing back into the stomach.
\Identify the structure in the above picture, specified by the arrow, and describe its function. -
ANS-Gastric rugae increase the surface area of the stomach allowing it to expand when food
enters.
\Identify the structure in the picture above, specified by the pointer, then describe its
relationship to the trachea using anatomical terminology. - ANS-The esophagus, pictured
above, runs posteriorly to the trachea
\Identify the structure pictured above, specified by the pointer. - ANS-The descending colon
\Identify the structure pictured above, specified by the pointer. - ANS-The large intestine or
the colon
\List the 5 stages of digestion - ANS-Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, Compaction,
Defecation
\True or False: Mechanical digestion in the mouth is carried out by way of salivary amylase. -
ANS-False (carried out by teeth)
\True or False: The esophagus is considered a primary organ of the GI tract. - ANS-True
\True or False: The tongue is considered a primary organ of the GI tract. - ANS-False
\What is the function of the structure pictured above specified by the pointer? - ANS-The
function of the epiglottis, which is pictured above, is to prevent food from entering the airway
upon swallowing.
\Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the accessory organ pictured above
(highlighted in blue)? - ANS-*organ is the pancreas*
false: only 90% of the cells perform digestive functions (99% is the correct answer)
(other true statements:
it produces insulin to metabolize blood glucose/it is considered endocrine and exocrine)
\Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the structure pictured above,
specified by the pointer. - ANS-Each segment is a collection of fecal material
\Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the accessory organ pictured above
(highlighted in blue)? - ANS-e. a and d are true
*the organ is the liver*
(a. it produces bile to digest fats and cholesterol/d. it stores glycogen, vitamins and minerals)
(false statements about the liver: it produces insulin to metabolize blood glucose; it is
considered endocrine only)
Describe the clinical condition that results when the organ pictured above (specified by the
pointer) is not able to function properly. - ANS-When the gallbladder is unable to break down
fat and cholesterol present in the body, gall stones will occur. Pain occurs when these stones
block the duct passing from the gallbladder to the liver.
\Identify the membranous structure pictured above, specified by the pointer, and describe its
function. - ANS-The mesentery, pictured above, anchors the small intestine to the abdominal
cavity keeping it from twisting.
\Identify the sphincter pictured above (specified by the arrow and highlighted in blue) and
describe its function. - ANS-The pyloric sphincter regulates the passage of food from the
stomach to the small intestine. It keeps food from flowing back into the stomach.
\Identify the structure in the above picture, specified by the arrow, and describe its function. -
ANS-Gastric rugae increase the surface area of the stomach allowing it to expand when food
enters.
\Identify the structure in the picture above, specified by the pointer, then describe its
relationship to the trachea using anatomical terminology. - ANS-The esophagus, pictured
above, runs posteriorly to the trachea
\Identify the structure pictured above, specified by the pointer. - ANS-The descending colon
\Identify the structure pictured above, specified by the pointer. - ANS-The large intestine or
the colon
\List the 5 stages of digestion - ANS-Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, Compaction,
Defecation
\True or False: Mechanical digestion in the mouth is carried out by way of salivary amylase. -
ANS-False (carried out by teeth)
\True or False: The esophagus is considered a primary organ of the GI tract. - ANS-True
\True or False: The tongue is considered a primary organ of the GI tract. - ANS-False
\What is the function of the structure pictured above specified by the pointer? - ANS-The
function of the epiglottis, which is pictured above, is to prevent food from entering the airway
upon swallowing.
\Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the accessory organ pictured above
(highlighted in blue)? - ANS-*organ is the pancreas*
false: only 90% of the cells perform digestive functions (99% is the correct answer)
(other true statements:
it produces insulin to metabolize blood glucose/it is considered endocrine and exocrine)
\Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the structure pictured above,
specified by the pointer. - ANS-Each segment is a collection of fecal material
\Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the accessory organ pictured above
(highlighted in blue)? - ANS-e. a and d are true
*the organ is the liver*
(a. it produces bile to digest fats and cholesterol/d. it stores glycogen, vitamins and minerals)
(false statements about the liver: it produces insulin to metabolize blood glucose; it is
considered endocrine only)
