POB EXAM 1 - JOHN SHADWICK - STUDY GUIDE
Emergent Property - Answers :a property that a complex system has but the individual
members of the system do not - Example : NaCl together is salty
Challenges facing science and society - Answers :Loss of Diversity, (Re)emerging
Diseases, Climate Change due to Global Warming
Strengths of Science - Answers :publicly understandable, self correcting, predictive
Law - Answers :Describes a pattern in nature - the "what"
Theory - Answers :Explanation to why a pattern exists - The "why" or "how"
null hypothesis - Answers :No difference between control and experimental,
experimental will have no effect
Alternative Hypothesis - Answers :Expect a difference between groups, experimental
variable will have effect
Inductive Reasoning - Answers :A type of logic in which generalizations are based on a
large number of specific observations
Deductive Reasoning - Answers :reasoning in which a conclusion is reached by stating
a general principle and then applying that principle to a specific case (The sun rises
every morning; therefore, the sun will rise on Tuesday morning.)
independant variable - Answers :the thing that will be changed in each experiment
dependent variable - Answers :The outcome factor; the variable that may change in
response to manipulations of the independent variable
confounding variable - Answers :a factor other than the independent variable that might
produce an effect in an experiment
"ose" - Answers :Sugar
"ase" - Answers :enzyme
Protons - Answers :positively charged particles in the nucleus, the atomic number
Electrons - Answers :negatively charged particles located outside the nucleus
Neutrons - Answers :the particles located within the nucleus that have no charge
, Isotopes - Answers :Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
Isomers - Answers :Compounds with the same formula but different structures.
Ionic Bond - Answers :A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely
charged ions
Covalent Bond - Answers :A chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons
Properties of Water - Answers :cohesion, adhesion, excellent solvent, high surface
tension, high heat of vaporization, high heat capacity
Acids - Answers :High H+ Concentrations - pH: 1-7ish
Bases - Answers :Low H+ Concentrations - pH: 7ish-14
Bonded atoms that always react in the same way can what? - Answers :Change the
function of a molecule
Dehydration - Answers :H2O is removed, bond forms, join monomers
Hydrolysis - Answers :H2O added, bond broken, degrade polymers
Monosaccharides - Answers :Simple sugars - glucose, fructose, galactose
Disaccharides - Answers :Contain two Monosaccharides - sucrose, lactose, maltose
Polysaccharides - Answers :Long polymers that contain many glucose subunits - starch,
glycogen, cellulose, chitin
Starch-glucose - Answers :Plant Energy Storage
Glycogen-glucose - Answers :Animal Energy Storage
Cellulose-glucose - Answers :Plant Cell Walls
Chitin - Answers :exoskeleton of insects
Macromolecules - Answers :carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids
Carbohydrates - Answers :the starches and sugars present in foods
Proteins - Answers :Chains of amino acids
Protein Structure - Answers :linear sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain
Emergent Property - Answers :a property that a complex system has but the individual
members of the system do not - Example : NaCl together is salty
Challenges facing science and society - Answers :Loss of Diversity, (Re)emerging
Diseases, Climate Change due to Global Warming
Strengths of Science - Answers :publicly understandable, self correcting, predictive
Law - Answers :Describes a pattern in nature - the "what"
Theory - Answers :Explanation to why a pattern exists - The "why" or "how"
null hypothesis - Answers :No difference between control and experimental,
experimental will have no effect
Alternative Hypothesis - Answers :Expect a difference between groups, experimental
variable will have effect
Inductive Reasoning - Answers :A type of logic in which generalizations are based on a
large number of specific observations
Deductive Reasoning - Answers :reasoning in which a conclusion is reached by stating
a general principle and then applying that principle to a specific case (The sun rises
every morning; therefore, the sun will rise on Tuesday morning.)
independant variable - Answers :the thing that will be changed in each experiment
dependent variable - Answers :The outcome factor; the variable that may change in
response to manipulations of the independent variable
confounding variable - Answers :a factor other than the independent variable that might
produce an effect in an experiment
"ose" - Answers :Sugar
"ase" - Answers :enzyme
Protons - Answers :positively charged particles in the nucleus, the atomic number
Electrons - Answers :negatively charged particles located outside the nucleus
Neutrons - Answers :the particles located within the nucleus that have no charge
, Isotopes - Answers :Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
Isomers - Answers :Compounds with the same formula but different structures.
Ionic Bond - Answers :A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely
charged ions
Covalent Bond - Answers :A chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons
Properties of Water - Answers :cohesion, adhesion, excellent solvent, high surface
tension, high heat of vaporization, high heat capacity
Acids - Answers :High H+ Concentrations - pH: 1-7ish
Bases - Answers :Low H+ Concentrations - pH: 7ish-14
Bonded atoms that always react in the same way can what? - Answers :Change the
function of a molecule
Dehydration - Answers :H2O is removed, bond forms, join monomers
Hydrolysis - Answers :H2O added, bond broken, degrade polymers
Monosaccharides - Answers :Simple sugars - glucose, fructose, galactose
Disaccharides - Answers :Contain two Monosaccharides - sucrose, lactose, maltose
Polysaccharides - Answers :Long polymers that contain many glucose subunits - starch,
glycogen, cellulose, chitin
Starch-glucose - Answers :Plant Energy Storage
Glycogen-glucose - Answers :Animal Energy Storage
Cellulose-glucose - Answers :Plant Cell Walls
Chitin - Answers :exoskeleton of insects
Macromolecules - Answers :carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids
Carbohydrates - Answers :the starches and sugars present in foods
Proteins - Answers :Chains of amino acids
Protein Structure - Answers :linear sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain
