NR 509 Final Exam- Q&A Guide with Verified
Answers (2025 Edition)
Suspicious breast mass ~CORRECT ANSWER~-A mobile mass that
becomes fixed when the arm relaxes is attached to the ribs and intercostal
muscles; if fixed when the hand is pressed against the hip, it is attached to
the pectoral fascia.
-Hard irregular poorly circumscribed nodules, fixed to the skin or
underlying tissues, strongly suggest cancer
Risk for Breast cancer ~CORRECT ANSWER~--*Age*
-family history of breast/ovarian CA
- inherited genetic mutations,
-personal history of breast cancer
- high levels of endogenous hormones
- breast tissue density
- proliferative lesions with atypia on breast biopsy, - duration of
unopposed estrogen exposure related to early menarche
-age of first full-term pregnancy
- late menopause.
- breastfeeding for less than 1 year,
- postmenopausal obesity
-cigarette smoking, alcohol ingestion,
- physical inactivity, and type of contraception.
,Characteristics of a breast cyst ~CORRECT ANSWER~Soft to firm, round,
mobile, often tender.
The best way to examine the lateral portion of the breast ~CORRECT
ANSWER~-Have pt roll onto the opposite hip
-place her hand on her forehead.
- keep shoulders pressed against the bed
-palpate in the axilla, moving in a straight line down to the bra line, then
move the fingers medially and palpate in a vertical strip up the chest to the
clavicle. Continue in vertical overlapping strips until you reach the nipple
Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) ~CORRECT ANSWER~-Caused by overgrowth
of anaerobic bacteria (often from sex)
- Discharge: Gray or white, thin, homogenous, malodorous, coats the
vaginal walls, usually not profuse, may be minimal
- Fishy/musty genital odor
-Normal vulva and vaginal mucosa
-Scan saline wet mount for clue cells (epithelial cells with stippled borders);
sniff for fishy odor after applying KOH ("whiff test"); test the vaginal
secretions for pH > 4.5
Candidal Vaginitis ~CORRECT ANSWER~-Cause: Candida albicans, a
yeast (normal overgrowth of vaginal flora); many factors predispose,
including antibiotic therapy
, -Discharge: white and curdy, may be thin but usually thick, not as profuse
as trichomonal infection, not malodorous
- vaginal soreness, pruritus, pain on urination, dyspareunia (painful
intercourse)
-The vulva and surrounding skin are inflamed and sometimes swollen to a
variable extent; the vaginal mucosa is reddened, with white tenacious
patches of discharge; the mucosa may bleed when these patches are
scraped off; in mild cases, the mucosa looks normal
-Scan potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation for the branching hyphae of
Candida
Trichomonal Vaginitis ~CORRECT ANSWER~-Trichomonas vaginalis, a
protozoan; often but not always acquired sexually
- Discharge:Yellowish green or gray, possibly frothy; often profuse and
pooled in the vaginal fornix; may be malodorous
-Pruritus (though not usually as severe as with Candida
infection); pain on urination (from skin inflammation or possibly
urethritis); dyspareunia
-Vestibule and labia minora may be erythematous; the vaginal mucosa may
be diffusely reddened, with small red granular spots or petechiae in the
posterior fornix; in mild cases, the mucosa looks normal
- Scan saline wet mount for trichomonads
Syphillis ~CORRECT ANSWER~This ulcerated papule with an indurated
edge usually appears after 3 to 6 weeks of incubating infection from the
spirochete Treponema pallidum. These lesions may resemble a carcinoma
Answers (2025 Edition)
Suspicious breast mass ~CORRECT ANSWER~-A mobile mass that
becomes fixed when the arm relaxes is attached to the ribs and intercostal
muscles; if fixed when the hand is pressed against the hip, it is attached to
the pectoral fascia.
-Hard irregular poorly circumscribed nodules, fixed to the skin or
underlying tissues, strongly suggest cancer
Risk for Breast cancer ~CORRECT ANSWER~--*Age*
-family history of breast/ovarian CA
- inherited genetic mutations,
-personal history of breast cancer
- high levels of endogenous hormones
- breast tissue density
- proliferative lesions with atypia on breast biopsy, - duration of
unopposed estrogen exposure related to early menarche
-age of first full-term pregnancy
- late menopause.
- breastfeeding for less than 1 year,
- postmenopausal obesity
-cigarette smoking, alcohol ingestion,
- physical inactivity, and type of contraception.
,Characteristics of a breast cyst ~CORRECT ANSWER~Soft to firm, round,
mobile, often tender.
The best way to examine the lateral portion of the breast ~CORRECT
ANSWER~-Have pt roll onto the opposite hip
-place her hand on her forehead.
- keep shoulders pressed against the bed
-palpate in the axilla, moving in a straight line down to the bra line, then
move the fingers medially and palpate in a vertical strip up the chest to the
clavicle. Continue in vertical overlapping strips until you reach the nipple
Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) ~CORRECT ANSWER~-Caused by overgrowth
of anaerobic bacteria (often from sex)
- Discharge: Gray or white, thin, homogenous, malodorous, coats the
vaginal walls, usually not profuse, may be minimal
- Fishy/musty genital odor
-Normal vulva and vaginal mucosa
-Scan saline wet mount for clue cells (epithelial cells with stippled borders);
sniff for fishy odor after applying KOH ("whiff test"); test the vaginal
secretions for pH > 4.5
Candidal Vaginitis ~CORRECT ANSWER~-Cause: Candida albicans, a
yeast (normal overgrowth of vaginal flora); many factors predispose,
including antibiotic therapy
, -Discharge: white and curdy, may be thin but usually thick, not as profuse
as trichomonal infection, not malodorous
- vaginal soreness, pruritus, pain on urination, dyspareunia (painful
intercourse)
-The vulva and surrounding skin are inflamed and sometimes swollen to a
variable extent; the vaginal mucosa is reddened, with white tenacious
patches of discharge; the mucosa may bleed when these patches are
scraped off; in mild cases, the mucosa looks normal
-Scan potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation for the branching hyphae of
Candida
Trichomonal Vaginitis ~CORRECT ANSWER~-Trichomonas vaginalis, a
protozoan; often but not always acquired sexually
- Discharge:Yellowish green or gray, possibly frothy; often profuse and
pooled in the vaginal fornix; may be malodorous
-Pruritus (though not usually as severe as with Candida
infection); pain on urination (from skin inflammation or possibly
urethritis); dyspareunia
-Vestibule and labia minora may be erythematous; the vaginal mucosa may
be diffusely reddened, with small red granular spots or petechiae in the
posterior fornix; in mild cases, the mucosa looks normal
- Scan saline wet mount for trichomonads
Syphillis ~CORRECT ANSWER~This ulcerated papule with an indurated
edge usually appears after 3 to 6 weeks of incubating infection from the
spirochete Treponema pallidum. These lesions may resemble a carcinoma
