NR 565 MIDTERM EXAM 3 LATEST VERSIONS ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS |ALREADY GRADED A+
1. How to treat HTN
@#$%^&*()
> Order HTN meds are prescribed
> Therapeutic action of drug classes: Thiazide diuretics - decrease blood
volume, venous pressure, preload; increase urinary output; CONTAINS SULFA
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEI) - inhibit conversion of angiotensin
to angiotensin II; NOT FOR USE IN PREGNANCY, BLACKS, mod-severe kidney dz.
Drug of choice for DM and CKD due to renal protection
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB) - block effects of angiotensin II by binding to
its site in place
Calcium Channel Blockers (CCB) - create vasodilation by blocking calcium channels
--> relaxes cardiac smooth muscle, venous walls; DO NOT USE WITH BRADYCAR-
DIA, CHF, heart block
Beta Blockers (BB) - block actions of adrenaline/noradrenaline --> decreases heart
rate and force; NOT FIRST LINE, used post-MI or w CHF
2. HTN medication options for
> pregnancy
> diabetes: PREGNANCY - labetolol is first line (BB)
nifedipine - CCB
methyldopa
DIABETES- ACEI/ARB are first line start
with CCB or diuretic with blacks
3. When QUINIDINE + DIGOXIN are combined?: Digoxin slows AV nodal
conduc- tion, strengthens force of heart contractions
QUINIDINE is an anti-dysrhythmic drug that CAN CAUSE plasma levels of DIGOXIN
TO RISE by:
,displacing digoxin from tissue binding sites
reducing renal excretion of digoxin
combination promotes DIGOXIN TOXICITY
4. Prescribing Considerations:
CARBAMAZEPINE + WARFARIN: CARBAMAZEPINE may significantly REDUCE
BLOOD LEVELS OF WARFARIN making it less effective. Carbamazepine
INDUCES hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes
, 5. BETA BLOCKERS
> use with nitro & tachycardia
> examples
> stopping abruptly
> with asthma: BB INTENSIFIES HYPOTENSIVE EFFECTS if taken WITH NITRO-
GLYCERIN (which causes tachycardia)
EXAMPLES:
cardioselective - atenolol, metoprolol, bisoprolol
nonselective - carvedilol, labetalol, propranolol
ABRUPT DISCONTINUATION could cause exacerbation of ANGINA and R/F MI, may
also cause tachycardia/dysrhythmias
Use WITH ASTHMA could cause BRONCHOSPASMS, INC airway resistance Masks
symptoms of hypoglycemia in diabetics
6. DIURETICS
> action
> contraindications to thiazide diuretics
> monitoring needs: Diuretics block sodium-chloride channel in kidneys,
decreas- ing the actions of the sodium-potassium pump, URESIS
DEC blood volume, DEC venous pressure, DEC preload
DO NOT USE if SULFA allergy, DMII
considerations needed with: gout, if on digoxin or lithium, with renal impairment, CV
dz, or on antiHTN meds
Monitor electrolytes, can cause:
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS |ALREADY GRADED A+
1. How to treat HTN
@#$%^&*()
> Order HTN meds are prescribed
> Therapeutic action of drug classes: Thiazide diuretics - decrease blood
volume, venous pressure, preload; increase urinary output; CONTAINS SULFA
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEI) - inhibit conversion of angiotensin
to angiotensin II; NOT FOR USE IN PREGNANCY, BLACKS, mod-severe kidney dz.
Drug of choice for DM and CKD due to renal protection
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB) - block effects of angiotensin II by binding to
its site in place
Calcium Channel Blockers (CCB) - create vasodilation by blocking calcium channels
--> relaxes cardiac smooth muscle, venous walls; DO NOT USE WITH BRADYCAR-
DIA, CHF, heart block
Beta Blockers (BB) - block actions of adrenaline/noradrenaline --> decreases heart
rate and force; NOT FIRST LINE, used post-MI or w CHF
2. HTN medication options for
> pregnancy
> diabetes: PREGNANCY - labetolol is first line (BB)
nifedipine - CCB
methyldopa
DIABETES- ACEI/ARB are first line start
with CCB or diuretic with blacks
3. When QUINIDINE + DIGOXIN are combined?: Digoxin slows AV nodal
conduc- tion, strengthens force of heart contractions
QUINIDINE is an anti-dysrhythmic drug that CAN CAUSE plasma levels of DIGOXIN
TO RISE by:
,displacing digoxin from tissue binding sites
reducing renal excretion of digoxin
combination promotes DIGOXIN TOXICITY
4. Prescribing Considerations:
CARBAMAZEPINE + WARFARIN: CARBAMAZEPINE may significantly REDUCE
BLOOD LEVELS OF WARFARIN making it less effective. Carbamazepine
INDUCES hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes
, 5. BETA BLOCKERS
> use with nitro & tachycardia
> examples
> stopping abruptly
> with asthma: BB INTENSIFIES HYPOTENSIVE EFFECTS if taken WITH NITRO-
GLYCERIN (which causes tachycardia)
EXAMPLES:
cardioselective - atenolol, metoprolol, bisoprolol
nonselective - carvedilol, labetalol, propranolol
ABRUPT DISCONTINUATION could cause exacerbation of ANGINA and R/F MI, may
also cause tachycardia/dysrhythmias
Use WITH ASTHMA could cause BRONCHOSPASMS, INC airway resistance Masks
symptoms of hypoglycemia in diabetics
6. DIURETICS
> action
> contraindications to thiazide diuretics
> monitoring needs: Diuretics block sodium-chloride channel in kidneys,
decreas- ing the actions of the sodium-potassium pump, URESIS
DEC blood volume, DEC venous pressure, DEC preload
DO NOT USE if SULFA allergy, DMII
considerations needed with: gout, if on digoxin or lithium, with renal impairment, CV
dz, or on antiHTN meds
Monitor electrolytes, can cause:
