AND ANSWERS
Upper airway obstruction - ANS airflow blockage in the nose, mouth, pharynx, or larynx
what can cause an upper airway obstruction - ANS trauma
blockages/masses
burns
foreign bodies
inpissated secretions
stroke
cerebral edema
upper airway obstruction tx - ANS positioning
suctioning
abdominal thrust maneuver
cricothyroidotomy
endotracheal intubation
tracheotomy
sleep apnea - ANS cessation in breathing at least 5 times an hour, episodes can last from 10
seconds- greater than 1 min
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,risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea - ANS obesity
oropharyngeal edema
enlarged tonsils, adenoids, uvula
shortened neck or retracted lower jaw
complications of obstructive sleep apnea - ANS HTN
stroke
memory loss/dementia
weight gain
DM
pulmonary disease
CV disease
excessive daytime sleepiness and irritability
dx for sleep apnea - ANS STOP-Bang Sleep Apnea Questionnare
sleep study
what will you see in your assessment of someone who has sleep spnea - ANS waking up tired
loud snoring
morning HA
daytime somnolence
irritabilty/personality changes
tx for sleep apnea - ANS lose weight
avoid sleeping on back
noninvasive positive pressure ventilation BiPAP, CPAP, APAP
surgery
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, what are the surgeries to tx sleep apnea - ANS adenoidectomy
uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
tracheostomy
epistaxis - ANS nosebleed
epistaxis causes - ANS trauma
hypertension
chronic cocaine use
what type of epistaxis is an emergency - ANS posterior nasal bleeding
epistaxis treatment - ANS position pt upright and lean forward
pinch bridge of nose for 5-10 min
cold compress (vasoconstriction)
nasal packing
antibiotics
___ may indicate skull fracture - ANS CSF
interventions for nose fracture - ANS closed reduction within 24 hours
rhinoplasty
nasoseptoplasty
rhinoplasty post op care - ANS observe for edema and bleeding
vitals every 4 hours
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