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BIOD 331
BIOD 331 Module 3 Portage- Pathophysiology
Exam Questions with Correct Verified Answers
Latest Update (2025/2026) Guaranteed Pass
1. What are the two categories of leukocytes?: 1. Granulocytes
2. Agranulocytes
2. What are granulocytes?: Leukocytes that contain granulues
3. What do granulocytes consist of?: 1. Neutrophils
2. Eosinophils
3. Basophils
4. What are agranulocytes?: Leukocytes that do not contain granules
5. What do agranulocytes consist of?: 1. Monocytes
2. Macrophages
3. Lymphocytes
6. What are neutrophils and how do they work?: Most abundant cell
in the body (55% of all white blood cells)
BIOD 331
,Early responder in innate immunity and use phagocytosis to kill
microbes.
6. What are eosinophils?: Make up 1-4% of white blood cells.
Become active in parasitic infections and allergic responses.
8.
9. What are basophils?: release histamine and proteolytic
enzymes. Play a role in allergic and parasitic infections.
10. What are macrophages?: 1. Longer lifespan, resides in
tissues, and are the first phagocyte that organisms encounter
2. work together with neutrophils
11. What do monocytes do?: Largest size but make up 3-7%
of leukocyte count.
Released from bone marrow
Mature into macrophages and dendritic cells.
Engage in inflammatory response, phagocytize foreign substances.
12. What do natural killer cells do?: 1. Spontaneously kill
target organisms
,2. Can kill some types of tumors/infection cells without previous
exposure to surface antigens
3. Limit the spread of infection
4. Assist in adaptive immune responses thru cytokine production
5. Help with dendritic cell maturation and innate immune control of viral
infections
13. What are dendritic cells?: 1. Immature cells in lymphoid tissue
2. Capture foreign agents and transport them to peripheral lymphoid
organs
3. Can initiate adaptive immunity
14. Adaptive immunity is initiated in response to cell-
specific substances called: Antigens
15. What are antigens?: Foreign substances that elicit an
adaptive immune response when present in the body
16. Adaptive immunity takes a while to acquire. It is
acquired through:: Repeated exposure to microorganisms
, 17. What are the two forms of adaptive immunity?: 1.
Humoral
2. Cell-mediated
18. What is humoral immunity?: 1. B-lymphocyte activation and
antibody production
2. Main defense against extracellular microbes and toxins
19. What is cell-mediated immunity?: Specific T-lymphocytes
activate which defends the body against intracellular microbes like
viruses
20. Antigens have immunologically active sites called::
Antigenic determinants/epitopes
21. What do regulatory cells do?: Control the immune
response
22. What do effector cells do?: Work to eliminate the antigen
23. What can lymphocytes differentiate into?: B lymphocytes
T lymphocytes
BIOD 331
BIOD 331 Module 3 Portage- Pathophysiology
Exam Questions with Correct Verified Answers
Latest Update (2025/2026) Guaranteed Pass
1. What are the two categories of leukocytes?: 1. Granulocytes
2. Agranulocytes
2. What are granulocytes?: Leukocytes that contain granulues
3. What do granulocytes consist of?: 1. Neutrophils
2. Eosinophils
3. Basophils
4. What are agranulocytes?: Leukocytes that do not contain granules
5. What do agranulocytes consist of?: 1. Monocytes
2. Macrophages
3. Lymphocytes
6. What are neutrophils and how do they work?: Most abundant cell
in the body (55% of all white blood cells)
BIOD 331
,Early responder in innate immunity and use phagocytosis to kill
microbes.
6. What are eosinophils?: Make up 1-4% of white blood cells.
Become active in parasitic infections and allergic responses.
8.
9. What are basophils?: release histamine and proteolytic
enzymes. Play a role in allergic and parasitic infections.
10. What are macrophages?: 1. Longer lifespan, resides in
tissues, and are the first phagocyte that organisms encounter
2. work together with neutrophils
11. What do monocytes do?: Largest size but make up 3-7%
of leukocyte count.
Released from bone marrow
Mature into macrophages and dendritic cells.
Engage in inflammatory response, phagocytize foreign substances.
12. What do natural killer cells do?: 1. Spontaneously kill
target organisms
,2. Can kill some types of tumors/infection cells without previous
exposure to surface antigens
3. Limit the spread of infection
4. Assist in adaptive immune responses thru cytokine production
5. Help with dendritic cell maturation and innate immune control of viral
infections
13. What are dendritic cells?: 1. Immature cells in lymphoid tissue
2. Capture foreign agents and transport them to peripheral lymphoid
organs
3. Can initiate adaptive immunity
14. Adaptive immunity is initiated in response to cell-
specific substances called: Antigens
15. What are antigens?: Foreign substances that elicit an
adaptive immune response when present in the body
16. Adaptive immunity takes a while to acquire. It is
acquired through:: Repeated exposure to microorganisms
, 17. What are the two forms of adaptive immunity?: 1.
Humoral
2. Cell-mediated
18. What is humoral immunity?: 1. B-lymphocyte activation and
antibody production
2. Main defense against extracellular microbes and toxins
19. What is cell-mediated immunity?: Specific T-lymphocytes
activate which defends the body against intracellular microbes like
viruses
20. Antigens have immunologically active sites called::
Antigenic determinants/epitopes
21. What do regulatory cells do?: Control the immune
response
22. What do effector cells do?: Work to eliminate the antigen
23. What can lymphocytes differentiate into?: B lymphocytes
T lymphocytes
