BIO 152 - final exam UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Transduction - CORRECT ANSWER - transformation of one type of energy into electrical
impulses allowing neural integration
Interoception - CORRECT ANSWER - sensory processes having to do with surface or
internal body conditions
Exteroception - CORRECT ANSWER - sensory processes having to do with conditions
outside the body
Statocysts (otoliths) - CORRECT ANSWER - little grains that indicate gravity on the ear
Cilia - CORRECT ANSWER - hairs in the ear that are bent based on where the statocysts
move
What happens when statocysts bend cilia? - CORRECT ANSWER - ion channels open
and close (cilia are activated)
How does increasing or decreasing the pulse rate of neurotransmitters affect the cell? -
CORRECT ANSWER - changes the frequency of action potentials, but never just on or off
(constant release of neurotransmitters)
Fish lateral line system - CORRECT ANSWER - -system of tubes that go through the
body
-fluid moves in tubes depending on changes in pressure
Neuromast organ - CORRECT ANSWER - -fish lateral line system
-senses movement of fluid and therefore changes in pressure
,Cupula - CORRECT ANSWER - -fish lateral line system
-when liquid in the tubes moves the cupula fluid, sensory hairs are moved and activated
-causes changes in pulse rate
How is sound measured? - CORRECT ANSWER - -frequency (pitch) in hz
-amplitude (loudness) in db
What is the relationship between energy, pressure, and amplitude? - CORRECT
ANSWER - higher energy = higher pressure = higher amplitude
How is sound amplified? - CORRECT ANSWER - -due to changes in surface area of
adjacent structures
-ex: pinna > ear canal, tympanic membrane > oval window
How do hair cells and neurons differ? - CORRECT ANSWER - hair cells have changes in
membrane potential but no action potential
Pax-6 gene - CORRECT ANSWER - -evidence of prototype eye
-involved in development of vision/photoreceptive cell
Types of opsin proteins - CORRECT ANSWER - -rhabdomeric photoreceptor
-ciliary photoreceptor
Rhabdomeric photoreceptor - CORRECT ANSWER - -type of opsin protein
-vision
Ciliary photoreceptor - CORRECT ANSWER - -type of opsin protein
, -function: brain photoclock
What happens when the lens changes shape? - CORRECT ANSWER - -contraction:
round, near objects
-relaxation: oval, far objects
How are rods and cones tuned to different wavelengths of light? - CORRECT ANSWER -
different opsins and genes
Evolution - CORRECT ANSWER - change in gene frequencies over time
Uniformitariansim - CORRECT ANSWER - -geologic processes function today the same
as they did in the past
-earth is dynamic
What key ideas led Darwin to question Christian theology and wonder if life can change over
time? (3) - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) uniformitarianism: if mountains can change why
can't life forms?
2) artificial selection follows the same process as natural selection just through different means
3) fossils show that species that are highly different than current species were present in the past
Darwin's theory of evolution - CORRECT ANSWER - -common ancestors
-natural selection
-variation amongst a population
-heritability
-differential reproduction
Counters to critiques of evolution: William Paley - CORRECT ANSWER - -cumulative
selection
-historical constraints, imperfections in nature, and vestigial structures
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Transduction - CORRECT ANSWER - transformation of one type of energy into electrical
impulses allowing neural integration
Interoception - CORRECT ANSWER - sensory processes having to do with surface or
internal body conditions
Exteroception - CORRECT ANSWER - sensory processes having to do with conditions
outside the body
Statocysts (otoliths) - CORRECT ANSWER - little grains that indicate gravity on the ear
Cilia - CORRECT ANSWER - hairs in the ear that are bent based on where the statocysts
move
What happens when statocysts bend cilia? - CORRECT ANSWER - ion channels open
and close (cilia are activated)
How does increasing or decreasing the pulse rate of neurotransmitters affect the cell? -
CORRECT ANSWER - changes the frequency of action potentials, but never just on or off
(constant release of neurotransmitters)
Fish lateral line system - CORRECT ANSWER - -system of tubes that go through the
body
-fluid moves in tubes depending on changes in pressure
Neuromast organ - CORRECT ANSWER - -fish lateral line system
-senses movement of fluid and therefore changes in pressure
,Cupula - CORRECT ANSWER - -fish lateral line system
-when liquid in the tubes moves the cupula fluid, sensory hairs are moved and activated
-causes changes in pulse rate
How is sound measured? - CORRECT ANSWER - -frequency (pitch) in hz
-amplitude (loudness) in db
What is the relationship between energy, pressure, and amplitude? - CORRECT
ANSWER - higher energy = higher pressure = higher amplitude
How is sound amplified? - CORRECT ANSWER - -due to changes in surface area of
adjacent structures
-ex: pinna > ear canal, tympanic membrane > oval window
How do hair cells and neurons differ? - CORRECT ANSWER - hair cells have changes in
membrane potential but no action potential
Pax-6 gene - CORRECT ANSWER - -evidence of prototype eye
-involved in development of vision/photoreceptive cell
Types of opsin proteins - CORRECT ANSWER - -rhabdomeric photoreceptor
-ciliary photoreceptor
Rhabdomeric photoreceptor - CORRECT ANSWER - -type of opsin protein
-vision
Ciliary photoreceptor - CORRECT ANSWER - -type of opsin protein
, -function: brain photoclock
What happens when the lens changes shape? - CORRECT ANSWER - -contraction:
round, near objects
-relaxation: oval, far objects
How are rods and cones tuned to different wavelengths of light? - CORRECT ANSWER -
different opsins and genes
Evolution - CORRECT ANSWER - change in gene frequencies over time
Uniformitariansim - CORRECT ANSWER - -geologic processes function today the same
as they did in the past
-earth is dynamic
What key ideas led Darwin to question Christian theology and wonder if life can change over
time? (3) - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) uniformitarianism: if mountains can change why
can't life forms?
2) artificial selection follows the same process as natural selection just through different means
3) fossils show that species that are highly different than current species were present in the past
Darwin's theory of evolution - CORRECT ANSWER - -common ancestors
-natural selection
-variation amongst a population
-heritability
-differential reproduction
Counters to critiques of evolution: William Paley - CORRECT ANSWER - -cumulative
selection
-historical constraints, imperfections in nature, and vestigial structures
