Plant Ecology Bio 152 Exam 2 UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Fungi - CORRECT ANSWER - An organism that absorbs nutrients from the environment.
Eukaryotic - CORRECT ANSWER - A cell characterized by the presence of a nucleus and
other membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotes can be unicellular (protists) or multicellular
(fungi, plants and animals).
Heterotrophic - CORRECT ANSWER - Organisms that obtain their nutrients or food from
consuming other organisms.
Hyphae - CORRECT ANSWER - The branching, threadlike tubes that make up the bodies
of multicellular fungi
Mycelium - CORRECT ANSWER - The part of the fungus responsible for extracellular
digestion and absorption of the digested food.
Chitin - CORRECT ANSWER - A structural polysaccharide, consisting of amino sugar
monomers, found in many fungal cell walls and in the exoskeletons of all arthropods.
extracellular digestion - CORRECT ANSWER - type of digestion in which food is broken
down outside the cells in a digestive system and then absorbed
Lignin - CORRECT ANSWER - substance in vascular plants that makes cell walls rigid
Cellulose degradation - CORRECT ANSWER - microbes degrade plant polymers to
simple monomers
,detritus - CORRECT ANSWER - Dead organic matter
nutrient cycling - CORRECT ANSWER - the movement and exchange of organic and
inorganic matter back into the production of living matter
Mycorrhizae - CORRECT ANSWER - Ecological relationship between the mycelium of a
fungus and the roots of certain plants
Pathogens - CORRECT ANSWER - disease causing agents
mold - CORRECT ANSWER - A type of fossil formed when a shell or other hard part of
an organism dissolves, leaving an empty space in the shape of the part.
antibiotics - CORRECT ANSWER - compounds that block the growth and reproduction of
bacteria
fruiting body - CORRECT ANSWER - The reproductive structure of a fungus that
contains many hyphae and produces spores
Detritivore - CORRECT ANSWER - organism that feeds on plant and animal remains and
other dead matter
Sapotrophs - CORRECT ANSWER - Organisms that ingest dead organic matter
externally, through secretion of digestive enzymes.
Parasites - CORRECT ANSWER - An organism that lives in or on another organism,
deriving nourishment at the expense of its host, usually without killing it
decomposers/detritivores - CORRECT ANSWER - obtain energy by feeding on the
remains of other organisms or waste products
, Symbionts - CORRECT ANSWER - live together in an intimate, often permanent,
association that may or may not be beneficial to them
digestive enzymes - CORRECT ANSWER - proteins found in digestive juices that act on
food substances, causing them to break down into simpler compounds
lichen - CORRECT ANSWER - An organism made of a fungus and either algae or
autotrophic bacteria that live together in a mutualistic relationship.
Ectomycorrhizae - CORRECT ANSWER - A type of mycorrhizae in which the mycelium
forms a dense sheath, or mantle, over the surface of the root. Hyphae extend from the mantle into
the soil, greatly increasing the surface area for water and mineral absorption.
arbuscular mycorrhizae - CORRECT ANSWER - A distinct type of endomycorrhiza
formed by glomeromycete fungi, in which the tips of the fungal hyphae that invade the plant
roots branch into tiny treelike structures called arbuscles.
Basidiomycota - CORRECT ANSWER - club fungi (mushrooms)
Zygomycota - CORRECT ANSWER - bread molds
Ascomycota (cup fungi) - CORRECT ANSWER - Cup or sac fungi, including morels.
Saccharomyces (bread yeast) is a single-celled member of this group. The asci are the
reproductive (spore-producing) structures.
Chytridiomycota - CORRECT ANSWER - (chytrids) a primitive division of fungi that live
in water and produce gametes with flagella
Meiosis - CORRECT ANSWER - chromosome number halves- gametes
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Fungi - CORRECT ANSWER - An organism that absorbs nutrients from the environment.
Eukaryotic - CORRECT ANSWER - A cell characterized by the presence of a nucleus and
other membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotes can be unicellular (protists) or multicellular
(fungi, plants and animals).
Heterotrophic - CORRECT ANSWER - Organisms that obtain their nutrients or food from
consuming other organisms.
Hyphae - CORRECT ANSWER - The branching, threadlike tubes that make up the bodies
of multicellular fungi
Mycelium - CORRECT ANSWER - The part of the fungus responsible for extracellular
digestion and absorption of the digested food.
Chitin - CORRECT ANSWER - A structural polysaccharide, consisting of amino sugar
monomers, found in many fungal cell walls and in the exoskeletons of all arthropods.
extracellular digestion - CORRECT ANSWER - type of digestion in which food is broken
down outside the cells in a digestive system and then absorbed
Lignin - CORRECT ANSWER - substance in vascular plants that makes cell walls rigid
Cellulose degradation - CORRECT ANSWER - microbes degrade plant polymers to
simple monomers
,detritus - CORRECT ANSWER - Dead organic matter
nutrient cycling - CORRECT ANSWER - the movement and exchange of organic and
inorganic matter back into the production of living matter
Mycorrhizae - CORRECT ANSWER - Ecological relationship between the mycelium of a
fungus and the roots of certain plants
Pathogens - CORRECT ANSWER - disease causing agents
mold - CORRECT ANSWER - A type of fossil formed when a shell or other hard part of
an organism dissolves, leaving an empty space in the shape of the part.
antibiotics - CORRECT ANSWER - compounds that block the growth and reproduction of
bacteria
fruiting body - CORRECT ANSWER - The reproductive structure of a fungus that
contains many hyphae and produces spores
Detritivore - CORRECT ANSWER - organism that feeds on plant and animal remains and
other dead matter
Sapotrophs - CORRECT ANSWER - Organisms that ingest dead organic matter
externally, through secretion of digestive enzymes.
Parasites - CORRECT ANSWER - An organism that lives in or on another organism,
deriving nourishment at the expense of its host, usually without killing it
decomposers/detritivores - CORRECT ANSWER - obtain energy by feeding on the
remains of other organisms or waste products
, Symbionts - CORRECT ANSWER - live together in an intimate, often permanent,
association that may or may not be beneficial to them
digestive enzymes - CORRECT ANSWER - proteins found in digestive juices that act on
food substances, causing them to break down into simpler compounds
lichen - CORRECT ANSWER - An organism made of a fungus and either algae or
autotrophic bacteria that live together in a mutualistic relationship.
Ectomycorrhizae - CORRECT ANSWER - A type of mycorrhizae in which the mycelium
forms a dense sheath, or mantle, over the surface of the root. Hyphae extend from the mantle into
the soil, greatly increasing the surface area for water and mineral absorption.
arbuscular mycorrhizae - CORRECT ANSWER - A distinct type of endomycorrhiza
formed by glomeromycete fungi, in which the tips of the fungal hyphae that invade the plant
roots branch into tiny treelike structures called arbuscles.
Basidiomycota - CORRECT ANSWER - club fungi (mushrooms)
Zygomycota - CORRECT ANSWER - bread molds
Ascomycota (cup fungi) - CORRECT ANSWER - Cup or sac fungi, including morels.
Saccharomyces (bread yeast) is a single-celled member of this group. The asci are the
reproductive (spore-producing) structures.
Chytridiomycota - CORRECT ANSWER - (chytrids) a primitive division of fungi that live
in water and produce gametes with flagella
Meiosis - CORRECT ANSWER - chromosome number halves- gametes
