ISA TRAQ Vocabulary questions with verified
answers
acceptable risk Ans✓✓✓ the degree or amount of risk that the owner,
manager, or controlling authority is willing to accept.
acceptable risk threshold Ans✓✓✓ the highest level of risk that does
not exceed the owner/manager's tolerance.
advanced assessment {Level 3) Ans✓✓✓ an assessment performed to
provide detailed information about specific tree parts, defects, targets,
or site conditions. Specialized equipment, data collection and analysis,
and/or expertise are usually required
adventitious branch Ans✓✓✓ branch arising from a stem or parent
branch and having no connection to apical meristems.
adventitious root Ans✓✓✓ roots arising from roots or stems and
having no connection to apical meristems.
aerial inspection Ans✓✓✓ inspection of the upper tree parts not
readily accessed from the ground; typically done by climbing or from an
aerial lift
,aerial patrol Ans✓✓✓ overflights of a utility right-of-way, large areas,
or individual trees in a defined area to record the location of trees that
are likely to fail and cause harm.
analysis Ans✓✓✓ detailed examination of the elements or structure of
something
angiosperm Ans✓✓✓ plant with seeds borne in an ovary: Consists of
two large groups: monocotyledons (grasses, palms, and related plants)
and dicotyledons (most woody trees, shrubs, herbaceous plants, and
related planes) (contrast with gymnosperm).
annual rings Ans✓✓✓ rings of xylem that are visible in a cross section
of the stem, branches, and roots of some trees. In temperate zones, the
rings typically represent one year of growth.
barrier zone Ans✓✓✓ a chemical and anatomical barrier formed by
the cambium present at the time of wounding in response to
wounding. Inhibits the spread of decay into xylem tissue formed after
the time of wounding. Wall 4 in the CODIT model (contrast with
reaction zone).
basal swelling Ans✓✓✓ increased wood growth in the area near or
where the trunk and roots come together.
,basic assessment (Level 2) Ans✓✓✓ detailed visual inspection of a tree
and surrounding site that may include the use of simple tools. It
requires that a tree risk assessor inspect completely around the tree
trunk looking at the visible aboveground roots, trunk, branches, and
site.
bending moment Ans✓✓✓ a turning, bending or twisting force exerted
by a lever, defined as the force (acting perpendicular to the lever)
multiplied by the length of the lever (see moment).
biomechanics (tree biomechanics) Ans✓✓✓ the study of the action of
forces on living trees.
bow Ans✓✓✓ leans characterized by the top of the tree bending over
more than the lower trunk, creating a curve.
brace rod (rigid brace) Ans✓✓✓ metal rod used to support weak
sections or crotches of a tree.
bracket Ans✓✓✓ the fruiting body of a decay fungus (see conk).
breach of duty (of care) Ans✓✓✓ failure to take reasonable care to
avoid injury or damage to a person or property in a situation where the
law imposes a duty of care.
, brown rot Ans✓✓✓ fungal wood rot characterized by the breakdown
of cellulose (contrast with soft rot and white rot).
buckling Ans✓✓✓ failure mode characteristic of collapsing under
compressive stress.
bulge Ans✓✓✓ swellings on branches, trunks, or root flares; often
caused by new tissue formed as a response to movement and that rein
forces the wood structure at the weak area.
butt rot Ans✓✓✓ decay of the lower trunk, trunk flare, or buttress
roots.
buttress root Ans✓✓✓ roots at the trunk base that help support the
tree and equalize mechanical stress.
cabling (flexible bracing) Ans✓✓✓ installation of steel or synthetic
cable in a tree to provide supplemental support to weak branches or
branch unions.
callus Ans✓✓✓ undifferentiated tissue formed by the cambium,
usually as the result of wounding (contrast with woundwood).
answers
acceptable risk Ans✓✓✓ the degree or amount of risk that the owner,
manager, or controlling authority is willing to accept.
acceptable risk threshold Ans✓✓✓ the highest level of risk that does
not exceed the owner/manager's tolerance.
advanced assessment {Level 3) Ans✓✓✓ an assessment performed to
provide detailed information about specific tree parts, defects, targets,
or site conditions. Specialized equipment, data collection and analysis,
and/or expertise are usually required
adventitious branch Ans✓✓✓ branch arising from a stem or parent
branch and having no connection to apical meristems.
adventitious root Ans✓✓✓ roots arising from roots or stems and
having no connection to apical meristems.
aerial inspection Ans✓✓✓ inspection of the upper tree parts not
readily accessed from the ground; typically done by climbing or from an
aerial lift
,aerial patrol Ans✓✓✓ overflights of a utility right-of-way, large areas,
or individual trees in a defined area to record the location of trees that
are likely to fail and cause harm.
analysis Ans✓✓✓ detailed examination of the elements or structure of
something
angiosperm Ans✓✓✓ plant with seeds borne in an ovary: Consists of
two large groups: monocotyledons (grasses, palms, and related plants)
and dicotyledons (most woody trees, shrubs, herbaceous plants, and
related planes) (contrast with gymnosperm).
annual rings Ans✓✓✓ rings of xylem that are visible in a cross section
of the stem, branches, and roots of some trees. In temperate zones, the
rings typically represent one year of growth.
barrier zone Ans✓✓✓ a chemical and anatomical barrier formed by
the cambium present at the time of wounding in response to
wounding. Inhibits the spread of decay into xylem tissue formed after
the time of wounding. Wall 4 in the CODIT model (contrast with
reaction zone).
basal swelling Ans✓✓✓ increased wood growth in the area near or
where the trunk and roots come together.
,basic assessment (Level 2) Ans✓✓✓ detailed visual inspection of a tree
and surrounding site that may include the use of simple tools. It
requires that a tree risk assessor inspect completely around the tree
trunk looking at the visible aboveground roots, trunk, branches, and
site.
bending moment Ans✓✓✓ a turning, bending or twisting force exerted
by a lever, defined as the force (acting perpendicular to the lever)
multiplied by the length of the lever (see moment).
biomechanics (tree biomechanics) Ans✓✓✓ the study of the action of
forces on living trees.
bow Ans✓✓✓ leans characterized by the top of the tree bending over
more than the lower trunk, creating a curve.
brace rod (rigid brace) Ans✓✓✓ metal rod used to support weak
sections or crotches of a tree.
bracket Ans✓✓✓ the fruiting body of a decay fungus (see conk).
breach of duty (of care) Ans✓✓✓ failure to take reasonable care to
avoid injury or damage to a person or property in a situation where the
law imposes a duty of care.
, brown rot Ans✓✓✓ fungal wood rot characterized by the breakdown
of cellulose (contrast with soft rot and white rot).
buckling Ans✓✓✓ failure mode characteristic of collapsing under
compressive stress.
bulge Ans✓✓✓ swellings on branches, trunks, or root flares; often
caused by new tissue formed as a response to movement and that rein
forces the wood structure at the weak area.
butt rot Ans✓✓✓ decay of the lower trunk, trunk flare, or buttress
roots.
buttress root Ans✓✓✓ roots at the trunk base that help support the
tree and equalize mechanical stress.
cabling (flexible bracing) Ans✓✓✓ installation of steel or synthetic
cable in a tree to provide supplemental support to weak branches or
branch unions.
callus Ans✓✓✓ undifferentiated tissue formed by the cambium,
usually as the result of wounding (contrast with woundwood).
