2
BIO 699 Understanding Patho Quiz 2 || || || ||
Neurological System: Exam 1 with verified || || || || || ||
solutions
What are the 3 components of the neuron? - Correct answer ✔cell body (soma),
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
dendrites, axons ||
where is the cell body (soma) located? - Correct answer ✔mainly in the CNS
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Densely packed cell bodies in the CNS are?
|| || || || || || ||
PNS? - Correct answer ✔nuclei.
|| || || ||
ganglia.
What is located in the cell body (soma)? - Correct answer ✔nucleus and cytoplasm.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Dendrites are the ________ portion of the neuron. - Correct answer ✔Receptive portion.
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
||
They accept and sense external stimuli. Stimulate incoming signals to cell body.
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Axons transmit impulses where? - Correct answer ✔Transmit impulses AWAY from cell
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
body of neuron.
|| ||
,2
the long thread like part of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted from the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
cell body to other cells.
|| || || ||
what is the cone-shaped process where the axon leaves the cell body? - Correct answer
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔axon hillock ||
As dendrites bring signals to the axon hillock, what occurs? - Correct answer ✔the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
inhibitory and exhibitory graded potentials are summed to determine if an action
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
potential can occur to send a signal down the axon hillock.
|| || || || || || || || || ||
What part of the axon has the lowest threshold for stimulation?
|| || || || || || || || || ||
and what occurs here? - Correct answer ✔The initial segment of the axon.
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
the action potentials begin at this point.
|| || || || || ||
Describe membrane polarization during a neuron's resting state. - Correct answer
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
✔imbalance of ions is created and maintained by ion pumps.
|| || || || || || || || || ||
The membrane lacks permeability to ions.
|| || || || ||
unit of measurement of ion concentration - Correct answer ✔mM (mOsm)
|| || || || || || || || || ||
the separation or ______________ of ions and charges creates _____________. - Correct
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
answer ✔polarization; an electrical potential.
|| || || || ||
the further distance between the charges = - Correct answer ✔the more polarized .
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
,2
Therefore, the closer the distance between the ends results in: - Correct answer
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔depolarization
The membrane potential refers to the _______________ of the cell. - Correct answer
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔inside
If the membrane potential is -70 mV, this means: - Correct answer ✔that the inside
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
(cytoplasm) is more negative than the extracellular environment.
|| || || || || || ||
The difference in potential is found where on the cell? - Correct answer ✔at the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
membrane. ||
NOT the cell as a whole.
|| || || || ||
what ions cause the difference in potential found at the membrane? - Correct answer
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔mostly Na+, but K+ too. || || || ||
Which way would K+ move if left to diffusion and the membrane where permeable?
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Na+? - Correct answer ✔Move from high to low concentration. So K+ would move to
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
ECF and Na+ to the ICF.
|| || || || ||
If there is 150mM Na+ and 5mM K+ outside the cell and 15mM Na+ and 150mM K+
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
inside, why would they not diffuse equally fast across the membrane? - Correct answer
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔If fully permeable, many more Na+ would move into the cell than K+ out d/t negative
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
charge and lower concentration of Na+ inside the cell.
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Na+ has an electrical and chemical gradient that is driving Na+ into the ICF.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
, 2
The positive Na+ will be highly attracted to the negative ICF. Additional force to pull
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Na+ in and retain K+.
|| || || ||
what is used to describe the forces affecting ion movement if allowed to become
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
permeable to a membrane? - Correct answer ✔electrochemical gradient.
|| || || || || || || ||
Chemical gradients move from __________ concentration to __________.
|| || || || || || ||
This makes them become: - Correct answer ✔high concentration to low conentration.
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
becomes more random -- lower energy state.
|| || || || || ||
How to electrical gradients operate? - Correct answer ✔opposite charges attract, similar
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
charges repel. || ||
This can set up a force to move charged particles.
|| || || || || || || || ||
Potentials are charges that are separated by:
|| || || || || ||
They are measured in: - Correct answer ✔a membrane.
|| || || || || || || ||
volts or millivolts (mV)
|| || ||
Resting membrane potential is the result of: - Correct answer ✔retained proteins within
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the cell and ions (mostly Na+ and K+) creating electrochemical gradients.
|| || || || || || || || || ||
This results in a relatively negative charge within the inner aspect of the plasma
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
membrane.
BIO 699 Understanding Patho Quiz 2 || || || ||
Neurological System: Exam 1 with verified || || || || || ||
solutions
What are the 3 components of the neuron? - Correct answer ✔cell body (soma),
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
dendrites, axons ||
where is the cell body (soma) located? - Correct answer ✔mainly in the CNS
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Densely packed cell bodies in the CNS are?
|| || || || || || ||
PNS? - Correct answer ✔nuclei.
|| || || ||
ganglia.
What is located in the cell body (soma)? - Correct answer ✔nucleus and cytoplasm.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Dendrites are the ________ portion of the neuron. - Correct answer ✔Receptive portion.
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
||
They accept and sense external stimuli. Stimulate incoming signals to cell body.
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Axons transmit impulses where? - Correct answer ✔Transmit impulses AWAY from cell
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
body of neuron.
|| ||
,2
the long thread like part of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted from the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
cell body to other cells.
|| || || ||
what is the cone-shaped process where the axon leaves the cell body? - Correct answer
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔axon hillock ||
As dendrites bring signals to the axon hillock, what occurs? - Correct answer ✔the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
inhibitory and exhibitory graded potentials are summed to determine if an action
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
potential can occur to send a signal down the axon hillock.
|| || || || || || || || || ||
What part of the axon has the lowest threshold for stimulation?
|| || || || || || || || || ||
and what occurs here? - Correct answer ✔The initial segment of the axon.
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
the action potentials begin at this point.
|| || || || || ||
Describe membrane polarization during a neuron's resting state. - Correct answer
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
✔imbalance of ions is created and maintained by ion pumps.
|| || || || || || || || || ||
The membrane lacks permeability to ions.
|| || || || ||
unit of measurement of ion concentration - Correct answer ✔mM (mOsm)
|| || || || || || || || || ||
the separation or ______________ of ions and charges creates _____________. - Correct
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
answer ✔polarization; an electrical potential.
|| || || || ||
the further distance between the charges = - Correct answer ✔the more polarized .
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
,2
Therefore, the closer the distance between the ends results in: - Correct answer
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔depolarization
The membrane potential refers to the _______________ of the cell. - Correct answer
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔inside
If the membrane potential is -70 mV, this means: - Correct answer ✔that the inside
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
(cytoplasm) is more negative than the extracellular environment.
|| || || || || || ||
The difference in potential is found where on the cell? - Correct answer ✔at the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
membrane. ||
NOT the cell as a whole.
|| || || || ||
what ions cause the difference in potential found at the membrane? - Correct answer
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔mostly Na+, but K+ too. || || || ||
Which way would K+ move if left to diffusion and the membrane where permeable?
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Na+? - Correct answer ✔Move from high to low concentration. So K+ would move to
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
ECF and Na+ to the ICF.
|| || || || ||
If there is 150mM Na+ and 5mM K+ outside the cell and 15mM Na+ and 150mM K+
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
inside, why would they not diffuse equally fast across the membrane? - Correct answer
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔If fully permeable, many more Na+ would move into the cell than K+ out d/t negative
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
charge and lower concentration of Na+ inside the cell.
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Na+ has an electrical and chemical gradient that is driving Na+ into the ICF.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
, 2
The positive Na+ will be highly attracted to the negative ICF. Additional force to pull
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Na+ in and retain K+.
|| || || ||
what is used to describe the forces affecting ion movement if allowed to become
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
permeable to a membrane? - Correct answer ✔electrochemical gradient.
|| || || || || || || ||
Chemical gradients move from __________ concentration to __________.
|| || || || || || ||
This makes them become: - Correct answer ✔high concentration to low conentration.
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
becomes more random -- lower energy state.
|| || || || || ||
How to electrical gradients operate? - Correct answer ✔opposite charges attract, similar
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
charges repel. || ||
This can set up a force to move charged particles.
|| || || || || || || || ||
Potentials are charges that are separated by:
|| || || || || ||
They are measured in: - Correct answer ✔a membrane.
|| || || || || || || ||
volts or millivolts (mV)
|| || ||
Resting membrane potential is the result of: - Correct answer ✔retained proteins within
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the cell and ions (mostly Na+ and K+) creating electrochemical gradients.
|| || || || || || || || || ||
This results in a relatively negative charge within the inner aspect of the plasma
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
membrane.
