2025 NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Questions and Answers Latest (2025 / 2026) (Verified Answers)

2025 NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Questions and Answers Latest (2025 / 2026) (Verified Answers) A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate his continued muscle performance? - Correct Answer Answer: Anaerobic glycolysis What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential? - Correct Answer Answer: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive. A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which of the following? - Correct Answer Answer: XXY A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the nurse looking for? - Correct Answer Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the aide? - Correct Answer Answer: Expressivity In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include regarding cholesterol? - Correct Answer Answer: Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte, which reduces its ability to carry oxygen. When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond? Cystic fibrosis is caused by an _____ gene - Correct Answer Answer: Autosomal recessive How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes? - Correct Answer Answer: By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase) The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular cation as: - Correct Answer Answer: Sodium The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in: - Correct Answer Answer: Reduced protein synthesis What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish aging from diseases? - Correct Answer Answer: It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes are believed to result from cell injury. What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present? Her features include a short stature, widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair. - Correct Answer Answer: Turner syndrome