NR 319 EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025/2026
ALREADY GRADED A+.
What is geospatial science
What is geographic information systems - ANS-Measurement, analysis, and presentation of
geographic information
A tool that provides spatial framework to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage and
present geospatial data
What are the components of geographic information systems - ANS-Geographic: Data on some
location in space
Information: Attributes of the data to provide insight into a given location
System: A seamless operation linking the information to the geography. (Hardware and
software)
Explain the difference between the toolbox, database, and organization of GIS - ANS-Toolbox:
A powerful set of tools for collecting, storing, and retrieving spatial data from the real world
Database: A system in which most of the data is spatially indexed to answer queries about
spatial entities in the database
Organization: An automated set of functions that provides professionals with advanced
capabilities for storage, retrieval, manipulation of display of geographic data.
What are the six components of gis - ANS-Database, Software, Hardware, Network,
Management/procedures, and people
Explain how GIS has evolved - ANS-GIS has developed from integrated projects, to
coordinated systems, to cooperative networks, to collaborative societal functions
What are the general steps of GIS - ANS-Input of data
, Modeling of data
Creation of an output based off the modeling
What is cartography? - ANS-the science that deals with the construction, use, and principles
behind maps
What are the five cartographic principles - ANS-Maps
Scale/Resolution
Coordinate systems
Cartographic designs
Projections
What's the difference between physical, thematic and political maps - ANS-Physical:
topographic
Thematic: Emphasizes a theme like roads of vegetation
Political: Country, state, county boundaries
How do you calculate scale on a map - ANS-Scale =map distance/ground distance
What are the three ways we can express a map scale - ANS-Ratio (1:24,000)
Verbally (2.54 inches to a mile)
Visually (Scale bars
Difference between small and large scales - ANS-Small scale: Less detail over a larger area.
Denominator is a bigger value and the map is more zoomed out
Large scale: More detail over a smaller area. The denominator is a smaller value and the map is
more zoomed in.
What is marginal information and where can you find different information - ANS-Marginal
information is information about the map that is found outside of the neatlines. Information can
be found on the top sides and bottom of the map
Top: Author title, adjacent quads
Sides: Tic Marks (Coordinates) and Adjacent quads
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025/2026
ALREADY GRADED A+.
What is geospatial science
What is geographic information systems - ANS-Measurement, analysis, and presentation of
geographic information
A tool that provides spatial framework to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage and
present geospatial data
What are the components of geographic information systems - ANS-Geographic: Data on some
location in space
Information: Attributes of the data to provide insight into a given location
System: A seamless operation linking the information to the geography. (Hardware and
software)
Explain the difference between the toolbox, database, and organization of GIS - ANS-Toolbox:
A powerful set of tools for collecting, storing, and retrieving spatial data from the real world
Database: A system in which most of the data is spatially indexed to answer queries about
spatial entities in the database
Organization: An automated set of functions that provides professionals with advanced
capabilities for storage, retrieval, manipulation of display of geographic data.
What are the six components of gis - ANS-Database, Software, Hardware, Network,
Management/procedures, and people
Explain how GIS has evolved - ANS-GIS has developed from integrated projects, to
coordinated systems, to cooperative networks, to collaborative societal functions
What are the general steps of GIS - ANS-Input of data
, Modeling of data
Creation of an output based off the modeling
What is cartography? - ANS-the science that deals with the construction, use, and principles
behind maps
What are the five cartographic principles - ANS-Maps
Scale/Resolution
Coordinate systems
Cartographic designs
Projections
What's the difference between physical, thematic and political maps - ANS-Physical:
topographic
Thematic: Emphasizes a theme like roads of vegetation
Political: Country, state, county boundaries
How do you calculate scale on a map - ANS-Scale =map distance/ground distance
What are the three ways we can express a map scale - ANS-Ratio (1:24,000)
Verbally (2.54 inches to a mile)
Visually (Scale bars
Difference between small and large scales - ANS-Small scale: Less detail over a larger area.
Denominator is a bigger value and the map is more zoomed out
Large scale: More detail over a smaller area. The denominator is a smaller value and the map is
more zoomed in.
What is marginal information and where can you find different information - ANS-Marginal
information is information about the map that is found outside of the neatlines. Information can
be found on the top sides and bottom of the map
Top: Author title, adjacent quads
Sides: Tic Marks (Coordinates) and Adjacent quads
