EMT final
AED shock rhythms
Ventricular fibrillation, Ventricular tachycardia,
Aed pad placement
1)negative upper right, positive lower left 2) Positive anterior chest over heart,
negative center of back 3) Biaxillary, (-) right lower quadrant (+) left lower quadrant
CPR (adult)
Check Carotid pulse (unresponsive), radial (responsive) for 5s, no more than 10s.
(60s if hypothermic). Switch positions every 2 min or 5 cycles. One or two rescuer:
30 compressions to 2 breaths, compression depth at least 2 inches, Compression
rate 100/120 per min
CPR hand placement
Adult- heel of handle on center of lower half of sternum with heel of other hand on
top overlapped. Child- Same as adult with either 1 or 2 hands depending on size of
child. Infant- 2 fingers or 2 thumbs just center of chest just below intermammary line
CPR (child)
Check carotid (unresponsive), radial (responsive). 1 rescuer 30:2, 2 rescuers 15:2, 5
cycles or 2 min then switch. 1/3 of chest or 2 inches (not as forceful)
CPR (infant)
check brachial pulse
2fingers or thumbs- midchest
1/3 of chest (1.5in)
30:2 compression with 1 person
15:2 compressions with 2 people
Recue breathing
Adult- 1 breath every 5-6 secs for 1 sec. Child- 1 breath every 3-5 secs for 1sec.
Infant 1 breath every 2-3 sec.
Nasopharyngeal Airway (NPA)
Must be well lubed with water-soluble lube. Size from tip of nose to ear lobe. Place
bevel tip against septum and insert till flange rest against nose. (Left nostril will need
to be rotated 180). Used if patient has gag reflex. Contra.: facial trauma, head injury
with nasal bleeding, history of fractured nasal
oropharyngeal airway (OPA)
Maintains patent airway by holding tongue in place, keeps patients teeth apart,
serves as bite blocked. Measure from corner of mouth to angle of jaw. Indicated for
unconscious patients w/o gag reflex. Contra: gag reflex, conscious
Combitube
protects airway of unconscious/unresponsive patient. Blinding inserted into
esophagus (sometimes trachea). Prevents entry of foreign material into trachea. Indi:
Respiratory arrest, Cardiopulmonary arrest. Head should be in Neutral position upon
insertion. Inflate #1 (blue) cuff 85-100 cc. Inflate #2 (distal) cuff 12-20 cc.
Combitube contraindications
, under 16y, under 5 ft, responsive, intact gag reflex, esophageal disease, ingested a
caustic substance, foreign body airway obstruction, tracheotomy or laryngectomy
King tube
Proximal end of tube has 15mm connector. Must be properly inserted into
esophagus (unlike combitube). 3 different sizes depending on size of patients. size 3
4-5 ft yellow (45-60ml), size 4 5-6 ft Red (60-80ml), size 5 >6ft Purple (70-90ml).
King tube indications and contraindications
Indi: Respiratory arrest, cardiopulmonary arrest. Contra: under 4ft, responsive, gag
reflex, esophageal disease, ingested caustic substance, foreign airway obstruction
Bag valve mask (BVM)
positive pressure ventilation. Transparent. Bag volumes: adult- 1200-1600ml,
pediatric- 500-700ml, neonate- 150-240ml. 15-22mm connector. Must have airtight
mask and patent airway. Flowrate: 15 lpm at up to 100% O2.
Atmospheric air
21% O2
Body Substance Isolation (BSI)
Precautions prior to patient contact. Minimum gloves. Eye protection (airway
procedures/ coughing or spitting blood) mask, gown.
Load and Go Criteria
1) AMS 2) Respiratory distress 3) Shock 4) MOI/NOI
High flow oxygen
all responsive patients breathing <8 or >24 should receive HFO. (NRBFM at 15 lmp)
PEARRL
pupils equal and round, regular in size, react to light
Pulse Oximetry (SpO2)
Normal values 95-100%. <90 require positive pressure ventilation.
Blood Glucose
Normal 80-120 mg/dL LOW= 40mg/dL or lower HIGH= 500-600 mg/dL or higher
Stair chair
Stryker or ferno. 500lbs weight capacity. 3 people needed: 1 at head, 1 at foot, and 1
behind person at foot. Do not let patient hold on to rail. Only for conscious patients.
Red moves.
Nasal Canula (NC)
low flow O2. Flow rate: 1-6 lpm. O2 concentration: 24-44%. Acute coronary
syndrome (ACS): NC @ 2-4 lmp titrate. If left in too long, it can dry out mucuous
membranes. (use humidified O2 if so)
History taking
SAMPLE and OPQRST. Addresses chief complaint and accounts for patients' SS
Non-rebreather mask (NRBFM)
high flow O2 @ 15 lpm . Flow rate: 10-15 lpm. O2 concentration: 90%
Venturi mask
used with COPD. Flow rate and concentration vary. Blue: 24%, yellow: 28%, white:
31%, green: 35%, pink: 40%, orange: 50%
Continuos Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)
AED shock rhythms
Ventricular fibrillation, Ventricular tachycardia,
Aed pad placement
1)negative upper right, positive lower left 2) Positive anterior chest over heart,
negative center of back 3) Biaxillary, (-) right lower quadrant (+) left lower quadrant
CPR (adult)
Check Carotid pulse (unresponsive), radial (responsive) for 5s, no more than 10s.
(60s if hypothermic). Switch positions every 2 min or 5 cycles. One or two rescuer:
30 compressions to 2 breaths, compression depth at least 2 inches, Compression
rate 100/120 per min
CPR hand placement
Adult- heel of handle on center of lower half of sternum with heel of other hand on
top overlapped. Child- Same as adult with either 1 or 2 hands depending on size of
child. Infant- 2 fingers or 2 thumbs just center of chest just below intermammary line
CPR (child)
Check carotid (unresponsive), radial (responsive). 1 rescuer 30:2, 2 rescuers 15:2, 5
cycles or 2 min then switch. 1/3 of chest or 2 inches (not as forceful)
CPR (infant)
check brachial pulse
2fingers or thumbs- midchest
1/3 of chest (1.5in)
30:2 compression with 1 person
15:2 compressions with 2 people
Recue breathing
Adult- 1 breath every 5-6 secs for 1 sec. Child- 1 breath every 3-5 secs for 1sec.
Infant 1 breath every 2-3 sec.
Nasopharyngeal Airway (NPA)
Must be well lubed with water-soluble lube. Size from tip of nose to ear lobe. Place
bevel tip against septum and insert till flange rest against nose. (Left nostril will need
to be rotated 180). Used if patient has gag reflex. Contra.: facial trauma, head injury
with nasal bleeding, history of fractured nasal
oropharyngeal airway (OPA)
Maintains patent airway by holding tongue in place, keeps patients teeth apart,
serves as bite blocked. Measure from corner of mouth to angle of jaw. Indicated for
unconscious patients w/o gag reflex. Contra: gag reflex, conscious
Combitube
protects airway of unconscious/unresponsive patient. Blinding inserted into
esophagus (sometimes trachea). Prevents entry of foreign material into trachea. Indi:
Respiratory arrest, Cardiopulmonary arrest. Head should be in Neutral position upon
insertion. Inflate #1 (blue) cuff 85-100 cc. Inflate #2 (distal) cuff 12-20 cc.
Combitube contraindications
, under 16y, under 5 ft, responsive, intact gag reflex, esophageal disease, ingested a
caustic substance, foreign body airway obstruction, tracheotomy or laryngectomy
King tube
Proximal end of tube has 15mm connector. Must be properly inserted into
esophagus (unlike combitube). 3 different sizes depending on size of patients. size 3
4-5 ft yellow (45-60ml), size 4 5-6 ft Red (60-80ml), size 5 >6ft Purple (70-90ml).
King tube indications and contraindications
Indi: Respiratory arrest, cardiopulmonary arrest. Contra: under 4ft, responsive, gag
reflex, esophageal disease, ingested caustic substance, foreign airway obstruction
Bag valve mask (BVM)
positive pressure ventilation. Transparent. Bag volumes: adult- 1200-1600ml,
pediatric- 500-700ml, neonate- 150-240ml. 15-22mm connector. Must have airtight
mask and patent airway. Flowrate: 15 lpm at up to 100% O2.
Atmospheric air
21% O2
Body Substance Isolation (BSI)
Precautions prior to patient contact. Minimum gloves. Eye protection (airway
procedures/ coughing or spitting blood) mask, gown.
Load and Go Criteria
1) AMS 2) Respiratory distress 3) Shock 4) MOI/NOI
High flow oxygen
all responsive patients breathing <8 or >24 should receive HFO. (NRBFM at 15 lmp)
PEARRL
pupils equal and round, regular in size, react to light
Pulse Oximetry (SpO2)
Normal values 95-100%. <90 require positive pressure ventilation.
Blood Glucose
Normal 80-120 mg/dL LOW= 40mg/dL or lower HIGH= 500-600 mg/dL or higher
Stair chair
Stryker or ferno. 500lbs weight capacity. 3 people needed: 1 at head, 1 at foot, and 1
behind person at foot. Do not let patient hold on to rail. Only for conscious patients.
Red moves.
Nasal Canula (NC)
low flow O2. Flow rate: 1-6 lpm. O2 concentration: 24-44%. Acute coronary
syndrome (ACS): NC @ 2-4 lmp titrate. If left in too long, it can dry out mucuous
membranes. (use humidified O2 if so)
History taking
SAMPLE and OPQRST. Addresses chief complaint and accounts for patients' SS
Non-rebreather mask (NRBFM)
high flow O2 @ 15 lpm . Flow rate: 10-15 lpm. O2 concentration: 90%
Venturi mask
used with COPD. Flow rate and concentration vary. Blue: 24%, yellow: 28%, white:
31%, green: 35%, pink: 40%, orange: 50%
Continuos Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)
