MDC 3 EXAMS STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS TAGGED A+
✔✔what can occur for a few weeks after radiation for head and neck cancer -
✔✔hoarseness
dysphagia
skin problems
impaired taste
dry mouth
✔✔tx for head and neck cancer - ✔✔radiation
chemo
cordectomy- vocal cord removal
laryngectomy- removal of larynx
✔✔components of upper resp tract - ✔✔nose
sinuses
pharynx
larynx
✔✔components of lower resp tract - ✔✔trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
alveoli
lungs
✔✔_____ is the most common cause of respiratory illness - ✔✔cigarette smoking
✔✔normal resp changes in aging adults - ✔✔alveoli function decreases
ability to cough decreases
lungs lose residual volume
resp muscles atrophy
vascular resistance increases
capillary flow decreases
✔✔inspect thorax with patient in what position - ✔✔sitting up
✔✔where do you start at for a resp assessment - ✔✔apex, moving downward toward
base from side to side
✔✔what are the normal lung sounds - ✔✔bronchial
bronchovesicular
vesicular
✔✔bronchial sounds - ✔✔normal sounds
,heard over trachea
loud, high pitched
✔✔if bronchial sounds are heard in the lungs what could that mean - ✔✔abnormal,
could mean the alveoli are filled with fluid
could indicate pneumonia
✔✔bronchovesicular sounds - ✔✔normal sounds
heard over major bronchi (lungs)
medium pitch
✔✔vesicular sounds - ✔✔normal sounds heard in most of lungs
soft, low pitched
✔✔what are the four main types of adventitious breath sounds - ✔✔crackles
stridor
wheezing
rhonchi
✔✔crackles - ✔✔indicates fluid in lungs
✔✔stridor - ✔✔heard over trachea
*means there is an obstruction in upper airway*
✔✔what is priority when stridor is heard - ✔✔clear airway
✔✔wheezing - ✔✔obstruction in lower airway
heard when air is trying to pass but can't due to constriction
could indicate asthma or bronchitis
✔✔rhonci - ✔✔mucus obstruction in lower airway
sound comes from vibrating mucus
could indicate COPD or pneumonia
✔✔what are indicators to look for in an assessment for respiratory adequacy -
✔✔cyanosis
clubbing
chest circumference
dyspnea
orthopnea
cap refill
anxiety
LOC
✔✔what are the low flow oxygen delivery devices - ✔✔nasal cannula
, simple face mask
partial non-rebreather
non-rebreather
✔✔what are the high flow oxygen delivery devices - ✔✔high-flow nasal cannula
venturi mask
✔✔nasal cannula - ✔✔1L to 6L
used when pt is stable and needs low oxygen support
✔✔simple face mask - ✔✔5-8L
used when moderate oxygen is needed short term
✔✔partial non-rebreather - ✔✔6-11L
short term
used when there are higher oxygen needs, but still able to breathe independently
✔✔non-rebreather - ✔✔10-15L
used in critical situations needing high oxygen immediately
✔✔high flow nasal cannula - ✔✔30-60L/min
✔✔venturi mask - ✔✔used when precise oxygen control is needed
✔✔where is the most common site for an epistaxis - ✔✔anterior septum
✔✔what are the types of URIs - ✔✔Rhinitis
Rhinosinusitis
Pharyngitis
Tonsillitis / Adenoiditis
Peritonsillar abscess
Laryngitis
✔✔potential complications of URIs - ✔✔Airway obstruction
Hemorrhage
Sepsis
Meningitis or brain abscess
Nuchal rigidity
Medicamentosa
Acute otitis media
Trismus
Dysphagia
Aphonia
Cellulitis
ANSWERS TAGGED A+
✔✔what can occur for a few weeks after radiation for head and neck cancer -
✔✔hoarseness
dysphagia
skin problems
impaired taste
dry mouth
✔✔tx for head and neck cancer - ✔✔radiation
chemo
cordectomy- vocal cord removal
laryngectomy- removal of larynx
✔✔components of upper resp tract - ✔✔nose
sinuses
pharynx
larynx
✔✔components of lower resp tract - ✔✔trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
alveoli
lungs
✔✔_____ is the most common cause of respiratory illness - ✔✔cigarette smoking
✔✔normal resp changes in aging adults - ✔✔alveoli function decreases
ability to cough decreases
lungs lose residual volume
resp muscles atrophy
vascular resistance increases
capillary flow decreases
✔✔inspect thorax with patient in what position - ✔✔sitting up
✔✔where do you start at for a resp assessment - ✔✔apex, moving downward toward
base from side to side
✔✔what are the normal lung sounds - ✔✔bronchial
bronchovesicular
vesicular
✔✔bronchial sounds - ✔✔normal sounds
,heard over trachea
loud, high pitched
✔✔if bronchial sounds are heard in the lungs what could that mean - ✔✔abnormal,
could mean the alveoli are filled with fluid
could indicate pneumonia
✔✔bronchovesicular sounds - ✔✔normal sounds
heard over major bronchi (lungs)
medium pitch
✔✔vesicular sounds - ✔✔normal sounds heard in most of lungs
soft, low pitched
✔✔what are the four main types of adventitious breath sounds - ✔✔crackles
stridor
wheezing
rhonchi
✔✔crackles - ✔✔indicates fluid in lungs
✔✔stridor - ✔✔heard over trachea
*means there is an obstruction in upper airway*
✔✔what is priority when stridor is heard - ✔✔clear airway
✔✔wheezing - ✔✔obstruction in lower airway
heard when air is trying to pass but can't due to constriction
could indicate asthma or bronchitis
✔✔rhonci - ✔✔mucus obstruction in lower airway
sound comes from vibrating mucus
could indicate COPD or pneumonia
✔✔what are indicators to look for in an assessment for respiratory adequacy -
✔✔cyanosis
clubbing
chest circumference
dyspnea
orthopnea
cap refill
anxiety
LOC
✔✔what are the low flow oxygen delivery devices - ✔✔nasal cannula
, simple face mask
partial non-rebreather
non-rebreather
✔✔what are the high flow oxygen delivery devices - ✔✔high-flow nasal cannula
venturi mask
✔✔nasal cannula - ✔✔1L to 6L
used when pt is stable and needs low oxygen support
✔✔simple face mask - ✔✔5-8L
used when moderate oxygen is needed short term
✔✔partial non-rebreather - ✔✔6-11L
short term
used when there are higher oxygen needs, but still able to breathe independently
✔✔non-rebreather - ✔✔10-15L
used in critical situations needing high oxygen immediately
✔✔high flow nasal cannula - ✔✔30-60L/min
✔✔venturi mask - ✔✔used when precise oxygen control is needed
✔✔where is the most common site for an epistaxis - ✔✔anterior septum
✔✔what are the types of URIs - ✔✔Rhinitis
Rhinosinusitis
Pharyngitis
Tonsillitis / Adenoiditis
Peritonsillar abscess
Laryngitis
✔✔potential complications of URIs - ✔✔Airway obstruction
Hemorrhage
Sepsis
Meningitis or brain abscess
Nuchal rigidity
Medicamentosa
Acute otitis media
Trismus
Dysphagia
Aphonia
Cellulitis
