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LING 209 exam with correct detailed solutions

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LING 209 exam with correct detailed solutions

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LING 209 exam with correct detailed |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




solutions

Communication Difficulties are challenges with... - Correct answer ✔-Receptive language use- |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




understanding and comprehending |||||| |||||| ||||||




-Expressive language-producing (delivering the message) |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Pragmatic language-patterns around social context |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




How can these difficulties come about/when? - Correct answer ✔-At different time scales:
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




from birth, developmental, acquired through dif means
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




ex. noise-induced hearing loss, brain injury, viruses
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




What are the two main types of clinicians? - Correct answer ✔SLP's and Audiologists
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Differences between SLPs and Audiologists - Correct answer ✔SLP: |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




physical and cognitive difficulties with speech/language
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




-children and adults |||||| |||||| ||||||




-born with/acquired ||||||




Audio:

-hearing clinicians |||||| ||||||




-hearing evaluation, hearing loss prevention, hearing aids, assistive learning devices
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




-born with/acquired ||||||

,2


What are some websites - Correct answer ✔SAC: Speech-language and audiology Canada
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




ASHA: American speech-language hearing association |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




What is language generally? - Correct answer ✔Language is
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




-complex ||||||




-systematic

-this makes it describable (we can make big generalizations about what the language does
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




-We can characterize its patterns
|||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




What does it mean to say language is endlessly creative? - Correct answer ✔you can produce
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




and understand new utterances.
|||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Process of communicating - Correct answer ✔1. think of what you wanna communicate
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




2. pick out the words
|||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




3. order words following rules
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




4.trasmit the signal |||||| |||||| ||||||




5.send the pronunciation to your anatomy(body) |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




6.figure out how to produce the words |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




7.interlocutor perceives the signal |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




8.they interpret it as language |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




9. they receive communicated idea
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




4-7 is modality: means by which a language is produced and percieved.
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




What are the 3 language modalities? - Correct answer ✔1. visual gestural: sign language,
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




head, arm and hand movement + facial expressions. perceived visually
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||

,2


2. Tactile-gestural: arm and hand movements via tough on another person's body. intended
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




to be felt not seen. you make contact with the other person
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




3. Auditory-vocal: spoken languages. perceived auditorialy. produced with air, mouth, larynx
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




and pharynx muscle movements
|||||| |||||| ||||||




Number of languages for + ex of each |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




-visual gestural |||||| ||||||




-tactile gestural ||||||




-auditory vocal - Correct answer ✔-149 (Wiki: 300), British sign language. BANZSL preferref
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




by deaf community in UK
|||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




-couldn't find # tactile. Protactile language used by deaf-blind in North America
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




-over 6500 spoken. ex Hausa: west chadic language in west africa. has 57 mil first language
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




speakers



phonetics - Correct answer ✔The small units (sounds, signs) that comprise words:
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




-Beet vs. boot sound |||||| |||||| ||||||




Don't have explicit awareness of it
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Phonology - Correct answer ✔the combination of those small sound/sign units. |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




-phonotactics is what can come together (dlago or bnick) |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




-implicit knowledge ||||||




Morphology - Correct answer ✔how to make words out of meaningful chunks that aren't |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




words

, 2


=putting pieces of words together |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




-it's an inherent agreement, applied systematicity about what goes
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Syntax - Correct answer ✔how to put words together |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




-the combination of these works |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




-what abides (or doesn't) by grammar. I will pick the package by 8 vs the package pick up I at
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




8 will
|||||| ||||||




semantics - Correct answer ✔combining words in a way that creates meaningful sentences |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Pragmatics - Correct answer ✔combining words in a way that creates meaningful sentences |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




that is also contextually appropriate |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




- you can have a well formed sentence ut it's not always appropriate to say at certain
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




moments



Individual languages vary in their ____ - Correct answer ✔structures. the structure by which |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




they get their meaning varies across languages. ex: english: the blue dress. (DAN)
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




french: la jupe blue (DNA) |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




T or F? it is a universal that languages change over time - Correct answer ✔True. but the
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




speed and magnitude of change varies. language changes are prolly mourned by older
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




speakers of the language because language comes with feelings |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




What are genetic relationships? - Correct answer ✔the idea that most languages belong to
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




language families, which means they are linguistic descendants of each other. from a mother |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




language that breaks into a different one
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




What is language flexibility - Correct answer ✔b/c language and people are creative, we can
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




be forgiving when we're understanding what people say
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||

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