580 Midterm 1 Questions and
Complete Solutions Graded A+
What is the paradigm shift? - Answer: moving away from the idea that outcomes are the result of
individual efforts
Why has the acceptance of team-based healthcare been slow? - Answer: -in training clinicians are given
the idea that they are individually responsible for what happens
-each member of the healthcare system is educated in isolation
-interprofessional training is uncommon
what is a work team? - Answer: -a work group with specific characteristics that make it a team
What are the 7 defining characteristics of work teams? - Answer: -shared team goal
-shared responsibility for achieving the goal
-defined membership
-authority for taking action to achieve the goal
-interdependency of team members
-absence of larger sub-groups
-accountability to a larger organization
what are the benefits of teams? - Answer: -perform tasks faster
-enable organizations to learn
-enable organizations to retain lessons despite individual turnover
-enable innovation
what are the risks of teams? - Answer: -social loafing (freeloading)
-degrading of decision making by hierarchy or personality
-diminished creativity
,describe how organizations are able to retain lessons despite turnover of individuals - Answer: -the
organization learns how to do things and perfects them with time
-when members retire the lessons learned remain
-the team itself is a repository of knowledge
describe how teams are a source of innovation - Answer: -with time efficiency and accuracy is built
-team becomes equipped to function
-innovation allows for better quality of care
what are the 4 types of clinical teams - Answer: -true teams
-template teams
-knotwork teams
-network teams
what is a true team - Answer: -refers to teams that have all the 7 characteristics of a work team plus the
stability of membership over time
-have clear leaders
-provide clinical care over extended periods of time, or for repeated time limited episodes
what are characteristics of a template team - Answer: -have the 7 characteristics and a clear leader
-do NOT have a stable membership
-provide time limited episodes of care (ie: code teams)
-defined by changing membership
-each time the team provides care the roles remain the same
what are knot works? - Answer: -teams that come together temporarily to provide care for a patient's
specific need
-no clear leader or stable membership
-do NOT have the 7 criteria of a work team
,what are networks - Answer: -provide information to other physicians to aid in patient care
-looser grouping than knotworks
-don't have any of the 7 characteristics of a work group
-show cooperation and shared interests
-no defined leaders, memberships or responsibility
-meet together to further individual goals
what type of virus is smallpox - Answer: -poxvirus
describe the poxvirus - Answer: -largest type of virus, almost visible with light microscopy
-includes variola, cowpox, monkeypox, molluscum contagiosum
-many are only present in animals
-variola is only found in humans
-spread mainly by viral shedding (coughing, sneezing)
describe the course of the smallpox infection - Answer: -once inhaled, it reproduces in the respiratory
tract
-can also be spread through contact with fluid found in sores or scabs
-disseminates through blood and goes to the lymphatic system where it replicates
-after this initial infection a more intense viremia occurs and spreads to internal organs/skin
what strategies were used in smallpox eradication? - Answer: -direct vaccination of vulnerable
populations
-actively seeking out cases and containing outbreaks
-quarantine
-increased efficiency of delivery
-use of jeeps and special vehicles to read off road areas
, what is eradication - Answer: -permanently reducing the number of worldwide infections to zero,
intervention no longer needed
what are the 4 unique factors that allowed for smallpox eradication - Answer: -human beings only
reservoir
-no asymptomatic carrier state
-an effective vaccine available
-vaccination resulted in prevention of disease
what is antimicrobial stewardship - Answer: coordinated interventions designed to improve and
measure the appropriate use of antibiotic agents by promoting the selection of the optimal drug
regimen including dosing, duration of therapy, and route of administration
what does an antibiotic stewardship program (ASP) do - Answer: -help improve clinical outcomes and
minimize harms by improving antibiotic prescribing
what can hospital ASPs increase - Answer: -infection cure rates
what can hospital ASPs decrease - Answer: -treatment failures
-c. diff infections
-adverse effects
-antibiotic resistance
-hospital costs and lengths of stay
what are the 7 core elements of hospital ASPs? - Answer: -hospital leadership commitment: dedicate
necessary human, financial, and information technology resources
-accountability: appoint a leader or co-leaders
-pharmacy expertise: appoint a pharmacist as the co-leader of the stewardship program
-action: implement interentions
-tracking: monitor antibiotic prescribing
-reporting: regularly report information
Complete Solutions Graded A+
What is the paradigm shift? - Answer: moving away from the idea that outcomes are the result of
individual efforts
Why has the acceptance of team-based healthcare been slow? - Answer: -in training clinicians are given
the idea that they are individually responsible for what happens
-each member of the healthcare system is educated in isolation
-interprofessional training is uncommon
what is a work team? - Answer: -a work group with specific characteristics that make it a team
What are the 7 defining characteristics of work teams? - Answer: -shared team goal
-shared responsibility for achieving the goal
-defined membership
-authority for taking action to achieve the goal
-interdependency of team members
-absence of larger sub-groups
-accountability to a larger organization
what are the benefits of teams? - Answer: -perform tasks faster
-enable organizations to learn
-enable organizations to retain lessons despite individual turnover
-enable innovation
what are the risks of teams? - Answer: -social loafing (freeloading)
-degrading of decision making by hierarchy or personality
-diminished creativity
,describe how organizations are able to retain lessons despite turnover of individuals - Answer: -the
organization learns how to do things and perfects them with time
-when members retire the lessons learned remain
-the team itself is a repository of knowledge
describe how teams are a source of innovation - Answer: -with time efficiency and accuracy is built
-team becomes equipped to function
-innovation allows for better quality of care
what are the 4 types of clinical teams - Answer: -true teams
-template teams
-knotwork teams
-network teams
what is a true team - Answer: -refers to teams that have all the 7 characteristics of a work team plus the
stability of membership over time
-have clear leaders
-provide clinical care over extended periods of time, or for repeated time limited episodes
what are characteristics of a template team - Answer: -have the 7 characteristics and a clear leader
-do NOT have a stable membership
-provide time limited episodes of care (ie: code teams)
-defined by changing membership
-each time the team provides care the roles remain the same
what are knot works? - Answer: -teams that come together temporarily to provide care for a patient's
specific need
-no clear leader or stable membership
-do NOT have the 7 criteria of a work team
,what are networks - Answer: -provide information to other physicians to aid in patient care
-looser grouping than knotworks
-don't have any of the 7 characteristics of a work group
-show cooperation and shared interests
-no defined leaders, memberships or responsibility
-meet together to further individual goals
what type of virus is smallpox - Answer: -poxvirus
describe the poxvirus - Answer: -largest type of virus, almost visible with light microscopy
-includes variola, cowpox, monkeypox, molluscum contagiosum
-many are only present in animals
-variola is only found in humans
-spread mainly by viral shedding (coughing, sneezing)
describe the course of the smallpox infection - Answer: -once inhaled, it reproduces in the respiratory
tract
-can also be spread through contact with fluid found in sores or scabs
-disseminates through blood and goes to the lymphatic system where it replicates
-after this initial infection a more intense viremia occurs and spreads to internal organs/skin
what strategies were used in smallpox eradication? - Answer: -direct vaccination of vulnerable
populations
-actively seeking out cases and containing outbreaks
-quarantine
-increased efficiency of delivery
-use of jeeps and special vehicles to read off road areas
, what is eradication - Answer: -permanently reducing the number of worldwide infections to zero,
intervention no longer needed
what are the 4 unique factors that allowed for smallpox eradication - Answer: -human beings only
reservoir
-no asymptomatic carrier state
-an effective vaccine available
-vaccination resulted in prevention of disease
what is antimicrobial stewardship - Answer: coordinated interventions designed to improve and
measure the appropriate use of antibiotic agents by promoting the selection of the optimal drug
regimen including dosing, duration of therapy, and route of administration
what does an antibiotic stewardship program (ASP) do - Answer: -help improve clinical outcomes and
minimize harms by improving antibiotic prescribing
what can hospital ASPs increase - Answer: -infection cure rates
what can hospital ASPs decrease - Answer: -treatment failures
-c. diff infections
-adverse effects
-antibiotic resistance
-hospital costs and lengths of stay
what are the 7 core elements of hospital ASPs? - Answer: -hospital leadership commitment: dedicate
necessary human, financial, and information technology resources
-accountability: appoint a leader or co-leaders
-pharmacy expertise: appoint a pharmacist as the co-leader of the stewardship program
-action: implement interentions
-tracking: monitor antibiotic prescribing
-reporting: regularly report information
