NURS 311: EXAM 3 PREP/ACTUAL
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100%
SOLVED ANSWERS/NEWEST UPDATE
1. When should diuretics be taken? - ANSWER✔✔-In the morning if daily, morning and
2 pm if bid
2. Where does the most reabsorption take place? - ANSWER✔✔-Proximal convoluted
tubule
3. Where is 20% of the sodium reabsorbed? - ANSWER✔✔-Ascending loop of Henle
4. Which diuretics have the greatest potential for diuresis? Why? - ANSWER✔✔-
Osmotic diuretics followed by loop diuretics. They block sodium reabsorption at sites
where more sodium is normally reabsorbed.
5. Large dose of loop diuretics may adversely affect what organ? - ANSWER✔✔-Ear,
ototoxicity
6. What permanent adverse effect may occur with ethacrynic acid (Edecrin)? -
ANSWER✔✔-Ototoxicity
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,7. What change in calcium may occur with loop diuretics? - ANSWER✔✔-
Hypocalcemia
8. What class of diuretics does not cause calcium loss? - ANSWER✔✔-Thiazides
9. What change in blood sugar may be seen with loop diuretics? - ANSWER✔✔-
Hyperglycemia
10. Thiazide diuretics are contraindicated with an allergy to what? - ANSWER✔✔-
Sulfonamides
11. When might thiazide diuretics be ineffective? - ANSWER✔✔-When the glomerular
filtration rate (GFR) is below 15-20 mL/min
12. What are some signs of electrolyte imbalance? - ANSWER✔✔-Muscle weakness,
twitching, nausea and vomiting, dysrhythmias, dry mouth and thirst, confusion, etc.
13. Loop diuretics decrease which electrolytes? - ANSWER✔✔-K+, Na+, Cl-, Ca2+,
Mg2+
14. The coadministration of digoxin (Lanoxin) and diuretics may precipitate what
condition? - ANSWER✔✔-Digoxin toxicity with dysrhythmias.
15. Potassium-sparing diuretics should not be used with which three antihypertensive
drug categories that may raise potassium levels? Name two common potassium-sparing
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA GREENWAYS, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, diuretics. - ANSWER✔✔-ACE inhibitors, Angiotensin II receptor blockers, direct renin
inhibitors. Spironolactone (Aldactone) and triamterene (Dyrenium)
16. Diuretics and antihypertensive drugs can cause what adverse effect? - ANSWER✔✔-
Additive hypotension
17. Why are osmotic diuretics used in renal failure? - ANSWER✔✔-To maintain urine
flow through the tubule.
18. Why are osmotic diuretics used for cerebral edema? - ANSWER✔✔-Used to reduce
intracranial pressure
19. What is added to deter patients from taking diphenoxylate (Lomotil) for analgesic
effects? - ANSWER✔✔-Atropine, causes dry mouth and tachycardia.
20. Name 2 contraindications for Diphenoxylate (Lomotil)? - ANSWER✔✔-Infectious
diarrheas and pseudomembranous colitis.
21. What are the mechanisms of action for bulk-laxatives? - ANSWER✔✔-Form
nondigestible gel that expands with bacterial action. The enlarged fecal size triggers
peristalsis.
22. List contraindications for laxatives. Why? - ANSWER✔✔-Abdominal pain, nausea,
cramps, appendicitis, bowel obstruction, diverticulitis, ulcerative colitis, enteritis.
Worry about bowel perforation.
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA GREENWAYS, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100%
SOLVED ANSWERS/NEWEST UPDATE
1. When should diuretics be taken? - ANSWER✔✔-In the morning if daily, morning and
2 pm if bid
2. Where does the most reabsorption take place? - ANSWER✔✔-Proximal convoluted
tubule
3. Where is 20% of the sodium reabsorbed? - ANSWER✔✔-Ascending loop of Henle
4. Which diuretics have the greatest potential for diuresis? Why? - ANSWER✔✔-
Osmotic diuretics followed by loop diuretics. They block sodium reabsorption at sites
where more sodium is normally reabsorbed.
5. Large dose of loop diuretics may adversely affect what organ? - ANSWER✔✔-Ear,
ototoxicity
6. What permanent adverse effect may occur with ethacrynic acid (Edecrin)? -
ANSWER✔✔-Ototoxicity
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA GREENWAYS, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,7. What change in calcium may occur with loop diuretics? - ANSWER✔✔-
Hypocalcemia
8. What class of diuretics does not cause calcium loss? - ANSWER✔✔-Thiazides
9. What change in blood sugar may be seen with loop diuretics? - ANSWER✔✔-
Hyperglycemia
10. Thiazide diuretics are contraindicated with an allergy to what? - ANSWER✔✔-
Sulfonamides
11. When might thiazide diuretics be ineffective? - ANSWER✔✔-When the glomerular
filtration rate (GFR) is below 15-20 mL/min
12. What are some signs of electrolyte imbalance? - ANSWER✔✔-Muscle weakness,
twitching, nausea and vomiting, dysrhythmias, dry mouth and thirst, confusion, etc.
13. Loop diuretics decrease which electrolytes? - ANSWER✔✔-K+, Na+, Cl-, Ca2+,
Mg2+
14. The coadministration of digoxin (Lanoxin) and diuretics may precipitate what
condition? - ANSWER✔✔-Digoxin toxicity with dysrhythmias.
15. Potassium-sparing diuretics should not be used with which three antihypertensive
drug categories that may raise potassium levels? Name two common potassium-sparing
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA GREENWAYS, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, diuretics. - ANSWER✔✔-ACE inhibitors, Angiotensin II receptor blockers, direct renin
inhibitors. Spironolactone (Aldactone) and triamterene (Dyrenium)
16. Diuretics and antihypertensive drugs can cause what adverse effect? - ANSWER✔✔-
Additive hypotension
17. Why are osmotic diuretics used in renal failure? - ANSWER✔✔-To maintain urine
flow through the tubule.
18. Why are osmotic diuretics used for cerebral edema? - ANSWER✔✔-Used to reduce
intracranial pressure
19. What is added to deter patients from taking diphenoxylate (Lomotil) for analgesic
effects? - ANSWER✔✔-Atropine, causes dry mouth and tachycardia.
20. Name 2 contraindications for Diphenoxylate (Lomotil)? - ANSWER✔✔-Infectious
diarrheas and pseudomembranous colitis.
21. What are the mechanisms of action for bulk-laxatives? - ANSWER✔✔-Form
nondigestible gel that expands with bacterial action. The enlarged fecal size triggers
peristalsis.
22. List contraindications for laxatives. Why? - ANSWER✔✔-Abdominal pain, nausea,
cramps, appendicitis, bowel obstruction, diverticulitis, ulcerative colitis, enteritis.
Worry about bowel perforation.
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA GREENWAYS, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
