Texas STR Certification Exam Questions and Answers Solved Correctly

Texas STR Certification Exam Questions and Answers Solved Correctly This refers to practices that recognize and incorporate the assets and strengths all students bring to the classroom and ensure that learning experiences are relevant to all students. - Answers Culturally Responsive Instructional Practices This refers to viewing diversity of thought, culture, and traits as a positive asset as students are valued for what they bring to the classroom rather than being characterized by what they are lacking. - Answers Assets-Based Teaching Approach The specific units of sounds in a language that distinguish one word from another (e.g., "b" and "t" in "bat" and "tab") - Answers Phonemes The smallest unit of meaning in a language (e.g., "ed" changes a word to past tense) - Answers Morphemes The ability to use letter-sound relationships to correctly sound-out and pronounce written words. - Answers Decoding Written or spoken communication or debate (e.g., talk and conversation) - Answers Discourse The tools (vocabulary, syntax, discourse) students use to participate in the content they are learning - Answers Language Demands This phrase refers to a spelling system that is more difficult to decode because there is not a direct correlation between the letters and sounds in the language. - Answers Deep Orthography This phrase refers to a spelling system that is easier to decode because there is a direct correlation between. the letters and sounds in the language. - Answers Shallow Orthography The term used to explain a child's knowledge of reading and writing skills before they learn to read and write (e.g., recognizing a stop sign, cereal box). - Answers Emergent Literacy the ability to hear and manipulate all units of sound including words, syllables, onset, rimes, and phonemes in spoken language. - Answers Phonological Awareness The practical rules that guide our use of language in social contexts - Answers Pragmatics the study of the structure of words and how meaningful units are combined in text (e.g., prefixes, suffixes, root words). - Answers Morphology A program in which two languages are used to provide content instruction. Over time, use of the native language is decreased and use of English is increased until only English is used for instruction. - Answers Transitional Bilingual Education An approach to teaching English language learners that integrates language and content instruction. - Answers Sheltered Instruction Development of fluency in conversations - social language - Answers BICS (Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills) Development of content and subject area language. - Answers CALP (Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency) The part of a language that is understood by listeners when learning a second language - Answers Comprehensible Input Acquiring language through subconscious processes vs. learning a language through direct instruction. - Answers Language Acquisition vs. Language Learning The ability to understand words and language - Answers Receptive Language The study of sounds, their patterns and meanings and the way they combine to form words and language. - Answers Phonology The study of meaning in words, phrases, sentences, or text - Answers Semantics A teaching strategy that helps bring skill knowledge from conscious to subconscious. - Answers Repetition and Practice A strategy that gives students the opportunity to 'write aloud' before they begin a written language assignment; provides time for them to rehearse how written forms differ from spoken forms - Answers Oral Language Rehearsal Interdependent structures or systems that support the language foundation necessary for reading - Answers Language Systems The process of matching letters and letter sequences with sounds in a word, and storing those words for future use; necessary for spelling, pronouncing words correctly, and developing sight words and vocabulary. - Answers Orthographic Mapping Area of the brain that 1) supports phonological processing system (enables us to pronounce and articulate words); 2) controls planning and decision making - Answers Frontal Lobe Area of the brain that 1) supports phonological processing (processes sound and connects printed letters to sounds); 2) connects spoken words with meaning - Answers Temporal Lobe Area of the brain responsible for 1) recognizing print, punctuation, diacritical marks, or spaces in print; 2) houses the Visual Word Form Area (VWFA) - "Brain's Letterbox". - Answers Occipital Lobe Area of the brain where phonological and orthographic processing systems meet; connects phonemes (sounds) with graphemes (printed letters). - Answers Planum Temporale A small area of the brain that visually processes print (the curves, squiggles, and lines that are combined into letter shapes) - Answers Visual Word-Form Area/Brain's Letterbox A four-part process that explains how children recognize words - Answers Four-Part Processing Model for Word Recognition The brain's dictionary of word meanings - Answers Lexicon Supports perception, memory, and production of sounds in language - Answers Phono