PORTAGE BIOD 101 MODULE 1 FULL
SET EXAM
6 predominate elements in living organisms
- answers-oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphate
Active Transport
- answers-occurs when an input of energy is required to move substances through the
membrane
occurs when molecules/ions move against concentration gradient (lower -> higher
concentration)
Amino acid structure
- answers-each contain an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH) bonded
to the same carbon atom
differ by the R group
Amino Acids
- answers-organic compounds that serve as the foundational building blocks of proteins
20 types of amino acids
sequence of amino acids in polymer determines shape and function
Anions
- answers-negatively charged ions
Autophagy
- answers-once cellular organic matter is broken into building block monomers,
molecules can be recycled into new biomacromolecules
Biomacromolecules
- answers-carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids (DNA/RNA)
Carbohydrate hydrogen to oxygen ration
- answers-2:1
Carbohydrate Major Function
- answers-energy metabolism
, Carbohydrates
- answers-made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
commonly referred to as "sugars"
primary source of fuel for organisms
Cations
- answers-positively charged ions
Cell
- answers-basic unit of life, smallest unit that can carry out all activities associated with
life, such as breaking down food for energy and removing waste
Cell Junctions
- answers-small channels, spaces, or pores for adjacent cell to communicate
Cell Membrane
- answers-plasma membrane, outermost constituent of cell; encloses cell's cytoplasm
and organelles and separates extracellular and intracellular environment
Cell Theory
- answers-(1) cells are the basic living units of organization in all organisms
(2) all cells come from other cells
Cellular Respiration
- answers-process of using oxygen to generate ATP
Cholesterol
- answers-an essential structural component of animal cell membranes
does not have glycerol or fatty acids
does have lots of CH2
precursor; structure is used to manufacture important hormones like estradiol,
testosterone, and progesterone
largely hydrophobic with single polar hydroxyl (-OH) group
Cisternae
- answers-interconnect compartments formed from the maze of tightly packed tubules
(ER)
Concentration Gradient
- answers-the gradual change in the observed concentration of solutions present
between two areas
Cotransport
- answers-diffusing substance (glucose) moves with transported substance (sodium)
SET EXAM
6 predominate elements in living organisms
- answers-oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphate
Active Transport
- answers-occurs when an input of energy is required to move substances through the
membrane
occurs when molecules/ions move against concentration gradient (lower -> higher
concentration)
Amino acid structure
- answers-each contain an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH) bonded
to the same carbon atom
differ by the R group
Amino Acids
- answers-organic compounds that serve as the foundational building blocks of proteins
20 types of amino acids
sequence of amino acids in polymer determines shape and function
Anions
- answers-negatively charged ions
Autophagy
- answers-once cellular organic matter is broken into building block monomers,
molecules can be recycled into new biomacromolecules
Biomacromolecules
- answers-carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids (DNA/RNA)
Carbohydrate hydrogen to oxygen ration
- answers-2:1
Carbohydrate Major Function
- answers-energy metabolism
, Carbohydrates
- answers-made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
commonly referred to as "sugars"
primary source of fuel for organisms
Cations
- answers-positively charged ions
Cell
- answers-basic unit of life, smallest unit that can carry out all activities associated with
life, such as breaking down food for energy and removing waste
Cell Junctions
- answers-small channels, spaces, or pores for adjacent cell to communicate
Cell Membrane
- answers-plasma membrane, outermost constituent of cell; encloses cell's cytoplasm
and organelles and separates extracellular and intracellular environment
Cell Theory
- answers-(1) cells are the basic living units of organization in all organisms
(2) all cells come from other cells
Cellular Respiration
- answers-process of using oxygen to generate ATP
Cholesterol
- answers-an essential structural component of animal cell membranes
does not have glycerol or fatty acids
does have lots of CH2
precursor; structure is used to manufacture important hormones like estradiol,
testosterone, and progesterone
largely hydrophobic with single polar hydroxyl (-OH) group
Cisternae
- answers-interconnect compartments formed from the maze of tightly packed tubules
(ER)
Concentration Gradient
- answers-the gradual change in the observed concentration of solutions present
between two areas
Cotransport
- answers-diffusing substance (glucose) moves with transported substance (sodium)
