Human-Anatomy-And-Physiology-9th-Edition-by-Marieb-and-Hoehn-Test-Bank Chapter 16: The Endocrine System

Test Bank for Human Anatomy And Physiology 9th Edition by Marieb and Hoehn Chapter 16: The Endocrine System MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which of the following is not a change typically produced by a hormonal stimulus? A) stimulates production of an action potential B) alters plasma membrane permeability C) induces secretory activity D) activates or deactivates enzymes Answer: A 2) Regulating hormones from the hypothalamus A) first enter into the hypophyseal portal system B) B) enter the hepatic portal system, which feeds the pituitary C) enter venous circulation and travel to the heart, which pumps the hormonecontaining blood to the pituitary D) travel by arteries to the pituitar y Answer: A 3) Hormones often cause a cell to elicit multiple responses; this is because A) there are thousands of receptors on the cell membrane B) during protein kinase activation, enzymes phosphorylate many other enzymes C) the receptors bind to several hormones at the same time D) the protein kinases are rapidly metabolized into functional amino acids Answer: B 4) Which of the following is not a type of hormone interaction? A) permissiveness B) synergism C) feedback D) antagonism Answer: C 5) Which of the following is not a steroid-based hormone? A) aldosterone B) estrogen C) epinephrine D) cortisone Answer: C 6) Thyroxine is a peptide hormone, but its mechanism is different from other peptide hormones.Which of the following statements is true concerning this difference? A) It is very specific in the cell type it targets. B) It is a stimulant of cellular metabolism and targets all cells. C) It does not require a second messenger to effect a response. D) It causes positive feedback. Answer: C 7) Cells that respond to peptide hormones usually do so through a sequence of biochemical reactions involving receptor and kinase activation. In order for cells to respond, it is necessary for first and second messengers to communicate. This is possible because A) hormones alter cellular operations through direct stimulation of a gene B) peptide hormones are converted by cell membranes enzymes into second messengers C) G protein acts as the link between first and second messengers D) the hormone receptor complex moves into the cytoplasm as a unit Answer: C 8) The major targets of growth hormone are A) the liver B) the blood vessels C) bones and skeletal muscles D) the adrenal glands Answer: C 9) How do glucocorticoids enable the body to deal appropriately with stress? A) by releasing the neurotransmitters that prepare the body for the stress response B) by increasing blood glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid levels and enhancing blood pressure C) by decreasing the heart rate, thus decreasing blood pressure D) b y stimulating the pancreas to release insulin Answer: B 10) Which of the choices below is not a factor required for target cell activation by hormone receptor interaction? A) strength of the bond between the receptor and hormone B) type of hormone C) blood levels of hormone D) number of receptors for that hormone Answer: B 11) Gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver due to the action of . A) cortisol B) aldosterone C) secretin D) insulin Answ er: A 12) Oxytocin A) controls milk production B) is an adenohypophyseal secretion C) release is an example of a positive feedback control mechanism D) exerts its most important effects during menstruation Answer: C 13) Thyroid hormone (a small iodinated amine) enters target cells in a manner similar to A) insulin, because insulin is a small peptide B) growth hormone, because the thyroid works synergistically with thyroid hormone C) steroid hormones, because both diffuse easily into target cells D) glucagon, because the structure of glucagon is similar to that of thyroid hormone Answer: C 14) Aldosterone . A) production is greatly influenced by ACTH B) is secreted by the neurohypophysis C) functions to increase sodium reabsorption D) presence increases potassium concentration in the blood Answer: C 15) A man has been told that he is not synthesizing enough follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and for this reason he may be unable to father a child. Choose the correct statement to explain this problem. A) FSH stimulates sperm production in the testes. B) FSH stimulates estrogen secretion by ovarian cells; therefore it is not synthesized by males. C) The manmust be producing progesterone, which inhibits the synthesis of FSH. D) A hormone made in the adenohypophysis cannot influence fertility. Answer: A 16) ADH A) is inhibited by alcohol B) increases urine production C) promotes dehydration D) is produced in the adenohypophysis Answer: A 17) Several hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and transported to the anter ior pituitary gland. The mechanism of transportation from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary gland is through the . A) feedback loop B) general circulatory system C) hypophyseal portal system D) hepatic portal system Answer: C 18) In circumstances where the body requires prolonged or increased levels of a hormone, the DNA of target cells will specify the synthesis of more receptors on the surface of the cells of the target organ. This is known as . A) a stressor reaction B) upregulation C) sensitivity increase D) cellular affinity Answer: B 19) Mineralocorticoid is to aldosterone as glucocorticoid is to A) estrogen B) epinephrine C) testosterone D) cortisol Answer:D 20) The hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract . A) conducts aldosterone to the hypophysis B) is the site of prolactin synthesis C) is partly contained within the infundibulum D) connects the hypophysis to the pituitary glan Answer: C 21) Virtually all of the protein or amino acid-based hormones exert their effects through intracellular A) nucleotides B) ) calcium C) C) second messengers D) D) deactivating ions E) Answer: C 22) Cellular responses to hormones that initiate second-messenger systems include . A) possible activation of several different second-messenger systems B) hormone binding to intracellular receptors C) formation of a specific protein kinase that acts on a series of extracellular intermediates D) cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase formation of an active second messenger Answer:A 23) Which of the following is not a cardinal sign of diabetes mellitus? A) polydipsia B) polycythemia C) polyuria D) polyphagia Answer: A 24) One of the least complicated of the endocrine control systems directly responds to changing blood levels of ions and nutrients. Which of the following describes this mechanism? A) humoral stimulation B) protein synthesis C) catabolic inhibition D) carbohydrate oxidation Answer: A 25) Normal development of the immune response is due in part to hormones produced by the . A) thymus gland B) pancreas C) adrenal medulla D) thyroid gland Answer: A 26) When it becomes necessary to enlist the fight-or-flight response, a hormone that is released during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome is . A) angiotensinogen B) renin C) C) epinephrine D) D) estrogen Answer: C 27) Steroid hormones exert their action by . A) binding cell receptors and initiating cAMP activity B) activating the hypothalamic release of regulating hormones C) entering the cell and activating mitochondrial DNA D) entering the nucleus of a cell and initiating or altering the expression of a gene Answer: D 28) Eicosanoids do not include . A) paracrines B)leukotrienes C) prostaglandins D) hydrocortisones Answer: D 29) The neurohypophysis or posterior lobe of the pituitary gland is not a true endocrine gland because . A) embryonically it was an endocrine tissue, but in the adult human it is no longer functional B) it is strictly a part of the neural system and has little or nothing to do with hormonal release C) it is only a hormone storage area that receives hormones from the hypothalamus for release D) it is unable to function as an endocrine tissue because it is actually part of the neural system due to its location Answer: C 30) Which organ does not produce hormones? A) heart B)skin C) kidney D) spleen Answer: D 31) What ion is sometimes used as a second messenger of amino acidNbased hormones? A) sodium B) calcium C) iron D) chlorine Answer: B 32) The most important mineralcorticoid regulator of electrolyte concentrations in extracellular fluids is . A) insulin B) glucagon C) aldosterone D) cortisol Answer: C 33) Which organ is responsible for synthesizing ANP? A) the spleen B) the heart C) the kidney D) the skin An swer: B 34) Which of the following is not a change that may be caused by hormonal stimulus? A) a change in membrane potential B) an increase in enzymatic activity C) direct control of the nervous system D) the stimulation of a genetic event resulting in protein synthesis Answer: C 35) Leptin is secreted by . A) adipocytes B) goblet cells C) lymphocytes D) fibroblasts Answer: A 36) The ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on . A) nothingNall hormones of the human body are able to stimulate any and all cell types because hormones are powerful and nonspecific B) the location of the tissue or organ with respect to the circulatory path C) the membrane potential of the cells of the target organ D) the presence of the appropriate receptors on the cells of the target tissue or organ Answer: D 37) Which of the following hormones suppresses appetite and increases energy expenditure? A) leptin B) secretin C) renin D) gastrin Answer: A 38) The second-messenger mechanism of hormone action operates by . A) binding to specific receptors and employing the services of G proteins and cAMP B) synthesizing more than one hormone at a time C) increasing the basal metabolic rate in the target organ D) altering gene expression in the nuclear DNA Answer: A 39) Chemical substances secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids and that regulate the metabolic function of other cells in the body are called . A) hormones B) antibodies C) enzymes D) proteins Answer: A 40) Which of the following is not a category of endocrine gland stimulus? A) hormonal B) neural C) enzyme D) humoral Answer: C 41) ACTH . A) causes the release of hormones from the adrenal medulla B) is secreted by the posterior pituitary C) is not a tropic hormone D) secretion is regulated by a hypothalamic regulatory hormone Answer: D 42) Which of the following is not a parathyroid gland mechanism to maintain adequate levels of blood calcium? A) increase calcium ion reabsorption by the kidneys B) increase in intestinal absorption of calcium ions C) inhibition of calcitonin synthesis D) activation of osteoclasts Answer: C 43) The single most important regulator of calcium levels in the blood is . A) calcitonin B) parathyroid hormone C) gonadotropic hormones D ) thyroid hormone Answer: B