RODAK’S HEMATOLOGY 6TH EDITION |QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|100% PASS!!
1.What is the most abundant class of plasma protein? - ANSWER Albumin
>Albumin (approximately 60% of total plasma protein at a concentration of about 4 g/dL) is the most
abundant plasma protein.
2. What is the effect of low plasma albumin? - ANSWER Osmotic pressure decreases; thus water moves
from the capillaries to the interstitium.
>In the case of decreased production (e.g., cirrhosis, other diffuse liver diseases, protein malnutrition) or
excessive loss of albumin (e.g., certain kidney diseases, extensive burns), the reduced oncotic pressure
leads to excessive movement of fluid and solutes into the tissues and decreased blood volume. Low
plasma albumin does not affect clotting factors, immunoglobulins, or iron.
3. What is the life span of an erythrocyte (in days)? - ANSWER 100 to 120
>Because it cannot undergo mitotic division, the erythrocyte has a limited life span of up to
approximately 120 days.
4. What does the student learn about erythrocytes? - ANSWER Erythrocytes have the ability to change
shape to squeeze through microcirculation.
>Reversible deformity enables the erythrocyte to assume a more compact torpedo-like shape, squeeze
through the microcirculation, and return to normal. The mature erythrocyte lacks a nucleus and
cytoplasmic organelles so it cannot synthesize protein or carry out oxidative reactions. Men have more
erythrocytes than women (48% to 42% respectively).
5. What are granulocytes that contain granules of vasoactive amines, such as histamine, called? -
ANSWER Basophils
>Basophils contain cytoplasmic granules that hold an abundant mixture of biochemical mediators,
including histamine, chemotactic factors, proteolytic enzymes, and an anticoagulant (heparin). These
substances are not found in neutrophils, monocytes, or eosinophils
6. Which of these are formed elements of the blood that are not cells but are disk-shaped cytoplasmic
fragments essential for blood clotting? - ANSWER Platelets
,>Platelets (thrombocytes) are not true cells but are disk-shaped cytoplasmic fragments that are essential
for blood coagulation and control of bleeding. Monocytes, macrophages, and erythrocytes are cells.
7.What are blood cells that differentiate into macrophages known as? - ANSWER Monocytes
>Monocytes migrate into a variety of tissues and fully mature into tissue macrophages and myeloid
dendritic cells. Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils do not undergo this transformation.
8. Without prior exposure to an antigen, which cells are able to destroy some types of tumor cells and
some virus-infected cells? - ANSWER Natural killer (NK) cells
>NK cells, which resemble large granular lymphocytes, kill some types of tumor cells (in vitro) and some
virus-infected cells without being induced by previous exposure to these antigens. This capability is not
true of lymphocytes, plasma cells, or megakaryocytes.
9.What is the life span of platelets (in days)? - ANSWER 10
>A platelet circulates for approximately 8 to 11 days and ages. Macrophages of the mononuclear
phagocyte system, mostly in the spleen, remove platelets.
10. Fetal hematopoiesis occurs primarily in which structure? - ANSWER Spleen
>The spleen is the largest of the secondary lymphoid organs and the primary site of fetal hematopoiesis.
The bone marrow and thymus are other primary lymphoid organs. Peyer patches in the small intestine
are considered secondary lymphoid organs.
11. What is the consequence of a splenectomy? - ANSWER The number of defective cells in circulation
increases.
>Splenic absence from any cause (e.g., atrophy, traumatic injury, removal because of disease) has several
secondary effects on the body, among them an increase in morphologically defective blood cells in the
circulation, confirming the spleen's role in removing old or damaged cells. Loss of the spleen does not
increase iron blood levels, increase antibody production, or increase the number of clotting factors.
13. A professor explains to a class that the reason lymph nodes enlarge and become tender during
infection is because of what reason? - ANSWER B lymphocytes proliferate.
>The B lymphocyte proliferation in response to significant antigen (e.g., during infection) may result in
lymph node enlargement and tenderness (reactive lymph node). The nodes are not specifically inflamed
or filled with purulent exudate.
, 14. Which hemoglobin is made from oxidized ferric iron (Fe3+) and lacks the ability to bind oxygen? -
ANSWER Methemoglobin
>Without reactivation by methemoglobin reductase, the Fe3+-containing hemoglobin (methemoglobin)
cannot bind oxygen. Deoxyhemoglobin is hemoglobin available for oxygen binding. Oxyhemoglobin is
bound with oxygen. Glycosylated hemoglobin is hemoglobin with which glucose is bound.
15. A patient has pernicious anemia and asks the healthcare professional to explain the disease. Which
statement by the professional is most accurate? - ANSWER Your body cannot absorb vitamin B12.
>Dietary vitamin B12 is a large molecule that requires a protein secreted by parietal cells in the stomach
(intrinsic factor [IF]) to transport across the ileum. Defects in IF production lead to decreased B12
absorption and pernicious anemia. A lack of certain foods (i.e., meat) might lead to iron-deficiency
anemia. Vitamin C lack would not lead to anemia, but in a severe state could lead to scurvy. If the bone
marrow had totally failed, that would be termed aplastic anemia.
16. By which structure are mature erythrocytes removed from the bloodstream? - ANSWER Spleen
>At the end of their life spans, old erythrocytes are removed by tissue macrophages, primarily in the
spleen.
17. A patient has chronic anemia associated with chronic renal failure. What substance does the
healthcare professional tell the patient is needed to treat this anemia? - ANSWER Erythropoietin
>One of the most significant advances in the study of hematopoietic growth factors has been the
development of erythropoietin for individuals with chronic renal failure. The other options are not
associated with the treatment of chronic anemia.
18. What is the role of thromboxane A (TXA2) in the secretion stage of hemostasis? - ANSWER Stimulates
platelet aggregation.
>Platelet aggregation is primarily stimulated by TXA2 and adenosine diphosphate (ADP), which induce
functional fibrinogen receptors on the platelet. Thromboxane A is not involved with serotonin synthesis,
vasodilation, or production of cyclooxygenase.
19. Which of these is the role of nitric oxide (NO) in hemostasis? - ANSWER Controls platelet activation
through in concert with prostacyclin.
>Endothelial cell NO synthase produces NO, which controls platelet activation in concert with
prostacyclin. The other options do not present an accurate description of the role of NO in hemostasis.
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|100% PASS!!
1.What is the most abundant class of plasma protein? - ANSWER Albumin
>Albumin (approximately 60% of total plasma protein at a concentration of about 4 g/dL) is the most
abundant plasma protein.
2. What is the effect of low plasma albumin? - ANSWER Osmotic pressure decreases; thus water moves
from the capillaries to the interstitium.
>In the case of decreased production (e.g., cirrhosis, other diffuse liver diseases, protein malnutrition) or
excessive loss of albumin (e.g., certain kidney diseases, extensive burns), the reduced oncotic pressure
leads to excessive movement of fluid and solutes into the tissues and decreased blood volume. Low
plasma albumin does not affect clotting factors, immunoglobulins, or iron.
3. What is the life span of an erythrocyte (in days)? - ANSWER 100 to 120
>Because it cannot undergo mitotic division, the erythrocyte has a limited life span of up to
approximately 120 days.
4. What does the student learn about erythrocytes? - ANSWER Erythrocytes have the ability to change
shape to squeeze through microcirculation.
>Reversible deformity enables the erythrocyte to assume a more compact torpedo-like shape, squeeze
through the microcirculation, and return to normal. The mature erythrocyte lacks a nucleus and
cytoplasmic organelles so it cannot synthesize protein or carry out oxidative reactions. Men have more
erythrocytes than women (48% to 42% respectively).
5. What are granulocytes that contain granules of vasoactive amines, such as histamine, called? -
ANSWER Basophils
>Basophils contain cytoplasmic granules that hold an abundant mixture of biochemical mediators,
including histamine, chemotactic factors, proteolytic enzymes, and an anticoagulant (heparin). These
substances are not found in neutrophils, monocytes, or eosinophils
6. Which of these are formed elements of the blood that are not cells but are disk-shaped cytoplasmic
fragments essential for blood clotting? - ANSWER Platelets
,>Platelets (thrombocytes) are not true cells but are disk-shaped cytoplasmic fragments that are essential
for blood coagulation and control of bleeding. Monocytes, macrophages, and erythrocytes are cells.
7.What are blood cells that differentiate into macrophages known as? - ANSWER Monocytes
>Monocytes migrate into a variety of tissues and fully mature into tissue macrophages and myeloid
dendritic cells. Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils do not undergo this transformation.
8. Without prior exposure to an antigen, which cells are able to destroy some types of tumor cells and
some virus-infected cells? - ANSWER Natural killer (NK) cells
>NK cells, which resemble large granular lymphocytes, kill some types of tumor cells (in vitro) and some
virus-infected cells without being induced by previous exposure to these antigens. This capability is not
true of lymphocytes, plasma cells, or megakaryocytes.
9.What is the life span of platelets (in days)? - ANSWER 10
>A platelet circulates for approximately 8 to 11 days and ages. Macrophages of the mononuclear
phagocyte system, mostly in the spleen, remove platelets.
10. Fetal hematopoiesis occurs primarily in which structure? - ANSWER Spleen
>The spleen is the largest of the secondary lymphoid organs and the primary site of fetal hematopoiesis.
The bone marrow and thymus are other primary lymphoid organs. Peyer patches in the small intestine
are considered secondary lymphoid organs.
11. What is the consequence of a splenectomy? - ANSWER The number of defective cells in circulation
increases.
>Splenic absence from any cause (e.g., atrophy, traumatic injury, removal because of disease) has several
secondary effects on the body, among them an increase in morphologically defective blood cells in the
circulation, confirming the spleen's role in removing old or damaged cells. Loss of the spleen does not
increase iron blood levels, increase antibody production, or increase the number of clotting factors.
13. A professor explains to a class that the reason lymph nodes enlarge and become tender during
infection is because of what reason? - ANSWER B lymphocytes proliferate.
>The B lymphocyte proliferation in response to significant antigen (e.g., during infection) may result in
lymph node enlargement and tenderness (reactive lymph node). The nodes are not specifically inflamed
or filled with purulent exudate.
, 14. Which hemoglobin is made from oxidized ferric iron (Fe3+) and lacks the ability to bind oxygen? -
ANSWER Methemoglobin
>Without reactivation by methemoglobin reductase, the Fe3+-containing hemoglobin (methemoglobin)
cannot bind oxygen. Deoxyhemoglobin is hemoglobin available for oxygen binding. Oxyhemoglobin is
bound with oxygen. Glycosylated hemoglobin is hemoglobin with which glucose is bound.
15. A patient has pernicious anemia and asks the healthcare professional to explain the disease. Which
statement by the professional is most accurate? - ANSWER Your body cannot absorb vitamin B12.
>Dietary vitamin B12 is a large molecule that requires a protein secreted by parietal cells in the stomach
(intrinsic factor [IF]) to transport across the ileum. Defects in IF production lead to decreased B12
absorption and pernicious anemia. A lack of certain foods (i.e., meat) might lead to iron-deficiency
anemia. Vitamin C lack would not lead to anemia, but in a severe state could lead to scurvy. If the bone
marrow had totally failed, that would be termed aplastic anemia.
16. By which structure are mature erythrocytes removed from the bloodstream? - ANSWER Spleen
>At the end of their life spans, old erythrocytes are removed by tissue macrophages, primarily in the
spleen.
17. A patient has chronic anemia associated with chronic renal failure. What substance does the
healthcare professional tell the patient is needed to treat this anemia? - ANSWER Erythropoietin
>One of the most significant advances in the study of hematopoietic growth factors has been the
development of erythropoietin for individuals with chronic renal failure. The other options are not
associated with the treatment of chronic anemia.
18. What is the role of thromboxane A (TXA2) in the secretion stage of hemostasis? - ANSWER Stimulates
platelet aggregation.
>Platelet aggregation is primarily stimulated by TXA2 and adenosine diphosphate (ADP), which induce
functional fibrinogen receptors on the platelet. Thromboxane A is not involved with serotonin synthesis,
vasodilation, or production of cyclooxygenase.
19. Which of these is the role of nitric oxide (NO) in hemostasis? - ANSWER Controls platelet activation
through in concert with prostacyclin.
>Endothelial cell NO synthase produces NO, which controls platelet activation in concert with
prostacyclin. The other options do not present an accurate description of the role of NO in hemostasis.
