1. A patient has been diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB). Which of
the following is the most common symptom?
A. Night sweats
B. Joint pain
C. Hematuria
D. Abdominal pain
Answer: A) Night sweats
Rationale: Night sweats are a classic symptom of tuberculosis,
along with cough and weight loss.
2. What is a key characteristic of Crohn's disease?
A. Continuous inflammation of the colon
B. Painless, non-bloody diarrhea
C. Skip lesions along the gastrointestinal tract
D. Gallstone formation
Answer: C) Skip lesions along the gastrointestinal tract
Rationale: Crohn’s disease is characterized by inflammation that
can occur in patches (skip lesions) throughout the gastrointestinal
tract, leading to symptoms like diarrhea, abdominal pain, and
weight loss.
3. A patient presents with a chronic cough, wheezing, and
shortness of breath. Which condition should the nurse suspect?
A. Bronchitis
B. Emphysema
C. Asthma
D. Pulmonary embolism
Answer: C) Asthma
Rationale: Asthma is characterized by inflammation and
constriction of the airways, leading to symptoms like chronic
cough, wheezing, and difficulty breathing.
,4. In which of the following conditions would you expect an
increase in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)?
A. Acute inflammation
B. Dehydration
C. Iron deficiency anemia
D. Chronic hypertension
Answer: A) Acute inflammation
Rationale: ESR is an indicator of inflammation. It increases during
acute inflammatory processes, such as infections, autoimmune
diseases, and other inflammatory conditions.
5. A patient with a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus
(SLE) is at increased risk for which of the following?
A. Infection
B. Weight loss
C. Hyperthyroidism
D. Stroke
Answer: A) Infection
Rationale: SLE is an autoimmune disorder that affects the immune
system, leaving the patient at higher risk for infections due to
immunosuppressive therapy and the disease itself.
6. Which of the following would you expect in a patient with
Addison’s disease?
A. Increased blood pressure
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Weight gain
D. Increased appetite
Answer: B) Hyperkalemia
Rationale: Addison’s disease, a disorder of the adrenal glands,
leads to decreased cortisol and aldosterone production. This
results in fluid and sodium loss and potassium retention, causing
, hyperkalemia.
7. A patient with a history of chronic pancreatitis is at increased
risk for which of the following complications?
A. Diabetes mellitus
B. Hypoglycemia
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Asthma
Answer: A) Diabetes mellitus
Rationale: Chronic pancreatitis can damage the pancreas' ability
to secrete insulin, leading to insulin resistance and an increased
risk of diabetes mellitus.
8. A patient with hypothyroidism is most likely to have which of
the following symptoms?
A. Weight loss
B. Increased heart rate
C. Cold intolerance
D. Heat intolerance
Answer: C) Cold intolerance
Rationale: Hypothyroidism leads to reduced metabolism, causing
symptoms such as cold intolerance, weight gain, and fatigue.
9. A patient with an ileus will most likely experience which of the
following symptoms?
A. Increased appetite
B. Abdominal distention and nausea
C. Diarrhea
D. Hypoglycemia
Answer: B) Abdominal distention and nausea
Rationale: An ileus occurs when there is a lack of peristalsis in the
intestines, leading to abdominal distention, nausea, and inability
to pass stool or gas.
the following is the most common symptom?
A. Night sweats
B. Joint pain
C. Hematuria
D. Abdominal pain
Answer: A) Night sweats
Rationale: Night sweats are a classic symptom of tuberculosis,
along with cough and weight loss.
2. What is a key characteristic of Crohn's disease?
A. Continuous inflammation of the colon
B. Painless, non-bloody diarrhea
C. Skip lesions along the gastrointestinal tract
D. Gallstone formation
Answer: C) Skip lesions along the gastrointestinal tract
Rationale: Crohn’s disease is characterized by inflammation that
can occur in patches (skip lesions) throughout the gastrointestinal
tract, leading to symptoms like diarrhea, abdominal pain, and
weight loss.
3. A patient presents with a chronic cough, wheezing, and
shortness of breath. Which condition should the nurse suspect?
A. Bronchitis
B. Emphysema
C. Asthma
D. Pulmonary embolism
Answer: C) Asthma
Rationale: Asthma is characterized by inflammation and
constriction of the airways, leading to symptoms like chronic
cough, wheezing, and difficulty breathing.
,4. In which of the following conditions would you expect an
increase in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)?
A. Acute inflammation
B. Dehydration
C. Iron deficiency anemia
D. Chronic hypertension
Answer: A) Acute inflammation
Rationale: ESR is an indicator of inflammation. It increases during
acute inflammatory processes, such as infections, autoimmune
diseases, and other inflammatory conditions.
5. A patient with a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus
(SLE) is at increased risk for which of the following?
A. Infection
B. Weight loss
C. Hyperthyroidism
D. Stroke
Answer: A) Infection
Rationale: SLE is an autoimmune disorder that affects the immune
system, leaving the patient at higher risk for infections due to
immunosuppressive therapy and the disease itself.
6. Which of the following would you expect in a patient with
Addison’s disease?
A. Increased blood pressure
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Weight gain
D. Increased appetite
Answer: B) Hyperkalemia
Rationale: Addison’s disease, a disorder of the adrenal glands,
leads to decreased cortisol and aldosterone production. This
results in fluid and sodium loss and potassium retention, causing
, hyperkalemia.
7. A patient with a history of chronic pancreatitis is at increased
risk for which of the following complications?
A. Diabetes mellitus
B. Hypoglycemia
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Asthma
Answer: A) Diabetes mellitus
Rationale: Chronic pancreatitis can damage the pancreas' ability
to secrete insulin, leading to insulin resistance and an increased
risk of diabetes mellitus.
8. A patient with hypothyroidism is most likely to have which of
the following symptoms?
A. Weight loss
B. Increased heart rate
C. Cold intolerance
D. Heat intolerance
Answer: C) Cold intolerance
Rationale: Hypothyroidism leads to reduced metabolism, causing
symptoms such as cold intolerance, weight gain, and fatigue.
9. A patient with an ileus will most likely experience which of the
following symptoms?
A. Increased appetite
B. Abdominal distention and nausea
C. Diarrhea
D. Hypoglycemia
Answer: B) Abdominal distention and nausea
Rationale: An ileus occurs when there is a lack of peristalsis in the
intestines, leading to abdominal distention, nausea, and inability
to pass stool or gas.
