N3280 High Risk Pregnancy Part 1 Exam
2025 Questions and Answers
Advanced maternal age - ANS age 35 or older at the time of delivery (not conception)
what type of pregnancy is common in AMA - ANS multiple pregnancies are more common
(fraternal)
increased risks for mother of AMA - ANS -gestational diabetes
-pregnancy induced hypertension
-preterm labor/delivery
-chromosomal abnormalities
-pregnancy lost
pregestational diabetes - ANS -pancreas does not produce enough insulin to allow
carbohydrate metabolism
-glucose cant enter the cells and continues to circulate in the blood
energy source for pregestational diabetes - ANS fats and proteins
ketosis - ANS wasting of proteins
Pg. 1 Copyright © 2025 Jasonmcconell. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
,result of pregestational diabetes - ANS -cellular dehydration due to osmotic force of glucose
concentration in the blood
-high levels of blood glucose eventually spill into urine
cardinal signs of diabetes - ANS -polyuria
-polydipsia
-polyphagia
-weight loss
type 1 pregestational diabetes - ANS -autoimmune
-develops because of B cell destruction, complicated by vascualr disease, retinopathy, or
neuropathy
-insulin dependent
type 2 pregestational diabetes - ANS -most common
-combination of insulin secretory defect and insulin deficiency
gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) - ANS glucose intolerance with onset during pregnancy
(usually around 24 weeks)
when should you work to stabilize blood sugar levels - ANS before pregnancy
infant risks for hyperglycemia during pregnancy - ANS -early embryonic/fetal development
can case cardiovascular, renal, and neurodevelopmental congenital malformations
-can lead to fetal death
-macrosomia
-newborn hypoglycemia later in pregnancy
Pg. 2 Copyright © 2025 Jasonmcconell. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
, DM management during pregnancy - ANS -complete history
-physical exam
-diagnosis if necessary
-lab tests
-patient should be monitored frequently
-eye exam due to increased damage potential
lab tests for DM - ANS -baseline renal function
-UA and culture
-glycosylated hemoglobin A
dietary changes for DM pregnancy - ANS -careful carbohydrate counting is preferred dietary
approach to glycemic control
-registered dietitian or certified diabetic educator should be added to the team
-advised diet
advised diet for DM - ANS -complex, high fiber carbohydrates
-protein
-unsaturated fats
-limit artificial sweeteners
treatment for DM - ANS -insulins (preferred treatment for non-diet/exercise controlled
diabetes)
-oral hypoglycemic agents (cross placenta)
-self-monitoring, glucose logs
fasting and premeal glucose goal - ANS <95 mg/dL
Pg. 3 Copyright © 2025 Jasonmcconell. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
2025 Questions and Answers
Advanced maternal age - ANS age 35 or older at the time of delivery (not conception)
what type of pregnancy is common in AMA - ANS multiple pregnancies are more common
(fraternal)
increased risks for mother of AMA - ANS -gestational diabetes
-pregnancy induced hypertension
-preterm labor/delivery
-chromosomal abnormalities
-pregnancy lost
pregestational diabetes - ANS -pancreas does not produce enough insulin to allow
carbohydrate metabolism
-glucose cant enter the cells and continues to circulate in the blood
energy source for pregestational diabetes - ANS fats and proteins
ketosis - ANS wasting of proteins
Pg. 1 Copyright © 2025 Jasonmcconell. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
,result of pregestational diabetes - ANS -cellular dehydration due to osmotic force of glucose
concentration in the blood
-high levels of blood glucose eventually spill into urine
cardinal signs of diabetes - ANS -polyuria
-polydipsia
-polyphagia
-weight loss
type 1 pregestational diabetes - ANS -autoimmune
-develops because of B cell destruction, complicated by vascualr disease, retinopathy, or
neuropathy
-insulin dependent
type 2 pregestational diabetes - ANS -most common
-combination of insulin secretory defect and insulin deficiency
gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) - ANS glucose intolerance with onset during pregnancy
(usually around 24 weeks)
when should you work to stabilize blood sugar levels - ANS before pregnancy
infant risks for hyperglycemia during pregnancy - ANS -early embryonic/fetal development
can case cardiovascular, renal, and neurodevelopmental congenital malformations
-can lead to fetal death
-macrosomia
-newborn hypoglycemia later in pregnancy
Pg. 2 Copyright © 2025 Jasonmcconell. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
, DM management during pregnancy - ANS -complete history
-physical exam
-diagnosis if necessary
-lab tests
-patient should be monitored frequently
-eye exam due to increased damage potential
lab tests for DM - ANS -baseline renal function
-UA and culture
-glycosylated hemoglobin A
dietary changes for DM pregnancy - ANS -careful carbohydrate counting is preferred dietary
approach to glycemic control
-registered dietitian or certified diabetic educator should be added to the team
-advised diet
advised diet for DM - ANS -complex, high fiber carbohydrates
-protein
-unsaturated fats
-limit artificial sweeteners
treatment for DM - ANS -insulins (preferred treatment for non-diet/exercise controlled
diabetes)
-oral hypoglycemic agents (cross placenta)
-self-monitoring, glucose logs
fasting and premeal glucose goal - ANS <95 mg/dL
Pg. 3 Copyright © 2025 Jasonmcconell. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
