BIOD 102 EXAM 1,2,3,4,5 & 6 (Latest update 2024 ) (QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS)
The energy required to add a nucleotide to a growing chain is supplied by an
exergonic reaction involving the hydrolysis of the nucleotide's pyrophosphate tail
(T/F) - ANSWER-True
During elongation, in which direction are new nucleotides being added to the
leading strand? - ANSWER-5' —> 3'
The leading strand requires ____ # of RNA primers, and the lagging strand
requires ____ # of RNA primers. - ANSWER-One; more than one
What replaces RNA nucleotides with DNA nucleotides in a newly synthesized
strand? - ANSWER-DNA Polymerase
A class of DNA polymerase patrols newly added nucleotides and will remove
nucleotides that are erroneous. How does the polymerase "know" a nucleotide is
misplaced. - ANSWER-Newly adde nucleotides are compared to the complimentary
template strand.
,Mismatch repair is the process of identifying nucleotides that are inappropriately
matched, such as guanine with a thymine, and removes the incorrect nucleotide
from the newly synthesized strand (t/f) - ANSWER-True
Replication of DNA begins at a single origin of replication and then proceeds the
entire length of the strand, in one direction (T/F) - ANSWER-False
What enzyme is responsible for relieving the stress associated with the twisting
and untwisting of a DNA strand during replication. - ANSWER-Topoisomerase
As a replicated DNA strand elongates, what enzyme is responsible for adding
nucleotides? - ANSWER-DNA polymerase
Nucleotide excision repair (cutting DNA) is accomplished by what enzyme? -
ANSWER-Nucleases
Telomeres contain a large proportion of vital coding DNA (T/F) - ANSWER-False
What cells of the body are shielded from telomere shortening? - ANSWER-Germ
cells
Telomerase activity in somatic cells has implications for: - ANSWER-Cancer
,Gene - ANSWER-Unit of hereditary composed of DNA; passed from parent to
offspring
Genotype - ANSWER-Sequence of genetic information
Phenotype - ANSWER-Observable characteristics resulting from genotype.
Transcription - ANSWER-the process of synthesizing mRNA from a DNA template
Transcription - ANSWER-Process of interpreting mRNA to sequence of amino
acids/proteins
____ # of bases encode for ___ # of different amino acids - ANSWER-4; 20
_____ is read in a triple codon reading frame - ANSWER-mRNA
The TATA box is necessary for initiation of transcription and is located on the DNA
strand (t/f) - ANSWER-True
What enzyme is responsible for converting a DNA strand into RNA? - ANSWER-RNA
polymerase
, Pre-mRNA may undergo what modifications? - ANSWER-5' cap, poly-A tail, splicing
What is the role of tRNA in the cell? - ANSWER-Transferee amino acids from
cytosol to the growing amino acid chain.
Which RNA molecules are responsible for transferring amino acids during
translation? - ANSWER-tRNA
Why is the amino acid methionine (met) added at initiation of translation? -
ANSWER-Because the start codon is AUG (the triplet code for methionine), which
signals the start of the coding region
Amino acids are added to the: - ANSWER-C-terminus end
After a stop codon is encountered, the hydrolysis of what molecule aids in
releasing the new polypeptide chain? - ANSWER-Water
post-translational modifications are necessary to ensure ___ - ANSWER-Unique
folding/appropriate structure shape
ANSWERS)
The energy required to add a nucleotide to a growing chain is supplied by an
exergonic reaction involving the hydrolysis of the nucleotide's pyrophosphate tail
(T/F) - ANSWER-True
During elongation, in which direction are new nucleotides being added to the
leading strand? - ANSWER-5' —> 3'
The leading strand requires ____ # of RNA primers, and the lagging strand
requires ____ # of RNA primers. - ANSWER-One; more than one
What replaces RNA nucleotides with DNA nucleotides in a newly synthesized
strand? - ANSWER-DNA Polymerase
A class of DNA polymerase patrols newly added nucleotides and will remove
nucleotides that are erroneous. How does the polymerase "know" a nucleotide is
misplaced. - ANSWER-Newly adde nucleotides are compared to the complimentary
template strand.
,Mismatch repair is the process of identifying nucleotides that are inappropriately
matched, such as guanine with a thymine, and removes the incorrect nucleotide
from the newly synthesized strand (t/f) - ANSWER-True
Replication of DNA begins at a single origin of replication and then proceeds the
entire length of the strand, in one direction (T/F) - ANSWER-False
What enzyme is responsible for relieving the stress associated with the twisting
and untwisting of a DNA strand during replication. - ANSWER-Topoisomerase
As a replicated DNA strand elongates, what enzyme is responsible for adding
nucleotides? - ANSWER-DNA polymerase
Nucleotide excision repair (cutting DNA) is accomplished by what enzyme? -
ANSWER-Nucleases
Telomeres contain a large proportion of vital coding DNA (T/F) - ANSWER-False
What cells of the body are shielded from telomere shortening? - ANSWER-Germ
cells
Telomerase activity in somatic cells has implications for: - ANSWER-Cancer
,Gene - ANSWER-Unit of hereditary composed of DNA; passed from parent to
offspring
Genotype - ANSWER-Sequence of genetic information
Phenotype - ANSWER-Observable characteristics resulting from genotype.
Transcription - ANSWER-the process of synthesizing mRNA from a DNA template
Transcription - ANSWER-Process of interpreting mRNA to sequence of amino
acids/proteins
____ # of bases encode for ___ # of different amino acids - ANSWER-4; 20
_____ is read in a triple codon reading frame - ANSWER-mRNA
The TATA box is necessary for initiation of transcription and is located on the DNA
strand (t/f) - ANSWER-True
What enzyme is responsible for converting a DNA strand into RNA? - ANSWER-RNA
polymerase
, Pre-mRNA may undergo what modifications? - ANSWER-5' cap, poly-A tail, splicing
What is the role of tRNA in the cell? - ANSWER-Transferee amino acids from
cytosol to the growing amino acid chain.
Which RNA molecules are responsible for transferring amino acids during
translation? - ANSWER-tRNA
Why is the amino acid methionine (met) added at initiation of translation? -
ANSWER-Because the start codon is AUG (the triplet code for methionine), which
signals the start of the coding region
Amino acids are added to the: - ANSWER-C-terminus end
After a stop codon is encountered, the hydrolysis of what molecule aids in
releasing the new polypeptide chain? - ANSWER-Water
post-translational modifications are necessary to ensure ___ - ANSWER-Unique
folding/appropriate structure shape
