S.S | 7th Grade Midterm Exam 2024 (everything on the study guide and notes)

Dynasty - ANSWER A line of rulers from the same family Hieroglyphics - ANSWER Egyptian Writing System Immortality - ANSWER Everlasting life Irrigation - ANSWER The process of supplying water to areas of land to make them suitable for growing crops. Nomad - ANSWER A member of a group that has no permanent home, wandering from place to place in search of food and water Region - ANSWER an area of Earth distinguished by a distinctive combination of cultural and physical features Resurrection - ANSWER Jesus's rise from the dead Topography - ANSWER the arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area. Wadis - ANSWER the usually dry bed of a river or stream in a desert or semiarid area City-State - ANSWER A city with political and economic control over the surrounding countryside Cueniform - ANSWER A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge shaped stylus and clay tablets. Archipelago - ANSWER A group of islands Gulf - ANSWER Part of a large body of water that extends into a shoreline Isthmus - ANSWER A narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas Peninsula - ANSWER Land surrounded by water on three sides Plain - ANSWER A large area of flat land with few trees Plateau - ANSWER A large area of flat land elevated high above sea level Straits - ANSWER Narrow water passages Valley - ANSWER An area of low land between hills or mountains Agriculture - ANSWER Farming Archaeologist - ANSWER A scientist who learns about ancient people by studying the things they left behind Anthropologist - ANSWER A scientist who studies human development and culture Domestication - ANSWER The taming of animals for human use, such as work or as food Environment - ANSWER The surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or dwells Hominid - ANSWER An early ancestor of humans Hunter-Gatherer - ANSWER Ancient people who hunt animals and gather food Migrate - ANSWER To move from one place to another Mesolithic Era - ANSWER Middle Stone Age Neolithic Era - ANSWER New Stone Age Paleolithic Era - ANSWER Old Stone Age Prehistory - ANSWER The period of time before written records Society - ANSWER A community of people who share a common culture Tool - ANSWER An object or device used to perform a task Ka - ANSWER A person's life force and left the body when the person died Mummies - ANSWER Specially treated bodies wrapped in cloth Obelisk - ANSWER A tall four sided pillar (column) Osiris - ANSWER God of the underworld Papyrus - ANSWER Paper-like material made from reeds Pharaoh - ANSWER A ruler of ancient Egypt Pyramids - ANSWER Huge stone like tombs with sides that meet in a point at the top Sarcophagus - ANSWER A stone coffin Scribe - ANSWER A professional writer Shypinx - ANSWER Imaginary creatures with bodies of lions and human head Animism - ANSWER Belief that objects and animals have a spirit Extened family - ANSWER A household of family, friends and cousins Griots - ANSWER A West African storyteller Kente - ANSWER A hand-woven, brightly colored fabric Rain forests - ANSWER Moist, densely wooded areas Rifts - ANSWER Long, deep valleys formed by the movement of the earth's crust. Sahel - ANSWER A strip of land that divides the desert from wetter areas Savannah - ANSWER A flat grassland in tropical or subtropical regions Silent Barter - ANSWER A process in which people exchange goods without contacting each other directly African Diaspora - ANSWER The scattering around the world of enslaved Africans Castle - ANSWER A large building used to keep slaves on ports for trade Colonialism - ANSWER The occupations and control of one nation by creating colonies Export - ANSWER To carry out of the country Import - ANSWER To carry into the country Imperialism - ANSWER The control of a region or country by another country Middle Passage - ANSWER A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean Nationalism - ANSWER Devotion and loyalty to one's country Nation-States - ANSWER Self-governing countries made up of people with a common cultural background Triangular Trade - ANSWER A trade route that was a triangle between Africa, Europe, and the Americas Valley of the Kings - ANSWER An area where many tombs were built after the great pyramids because it allowed for easier guarding and less grave robbery. Menes - ANSWER The king who unified Egypt. Nefertiti - ANSWER Queen of Egypt and wife of Akhenaton (14th century BC) Hathshepsut - ANSWER This female ruler of Egypt encouraged trade during the New Kingdom Cleopatra - ANSWER The last pharaoh of Egypt. Ramses II (The Great) - ANSWER New Kingdom pharaoh, known to have the longest rule; expanded Egyptian empire and built many temples, such as Abu Simbel Tutankhamen - ANSWER A 10 year old pharaoh who ruled for nine years and then died unexpectedly Nubia - ANSWER A civilization to the south of Egypt in the Nile Valley, noted for development of an alphabetic writing system and a major iron working industry by 500 BCE Kush - ANSWER An African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile c. 100 B.C.E.; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries. Sundiata - ANSWER Founder of the Mali empire Sunni Ali - ANSWER First great ruler of Songhai, who established the empire Mansa Musa - ANSWER Emperor of the kingdom of Mali. He made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca and established trade routes to the Middle East Askia The Great (Muhammad Ture) - ANSWER Songhai ruler, he overthrew Sunni Baru. His reign was the high point of Songhai culture. King Ezana - ANSWER Aksumite king who destroyed Meroe and took over the kingdom of Kush Dausi - ANSWER Tells the history of Ghana Swahili - ANSWER Bantu language with Arabic loanwords spoken in coastal regions of East Africa. Berlin Conference - ANSWER A meeting from at which representatives of European nations agreed on rules colonization of Africa