PORTAGE BIOD 101 MODULE 4
CORRECT QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Nitrogenous bases of DNA - ANSWER Adenine
Guanine
Thymine
Cytosine
Contain 2 carbon-nitrogen rings, and 4 nitrogen atoms - ANSWER Purines - A and G
Contain 1 carbon-nitrogen ring, and 2 nitrogen atoms - ANSWER Pyramidines - T and C
Deoxyribose - ANSWER sugar chemically linked to each base in DNA
Nucleoside - ANSWER base + deoxyribose
Nucleotide - ANSWER base + deoxyribose + phosphate group
complementary pairs - ANSWER purine always pairs with pyramidine
(T+A), (C+G)
Messenger RNA (mRNA) - ANSWER transfers genetic info from DNA to ribosomes
site of protein synthesis - ANSWER ribosomes
S phase - ANSWER DNA duplication phase, lasts 10-12 hours
G2 phase - ANSWER Second growth phase, when synthesis of organelles and proteins
needed for mitosis occurs. Lasts 4-6 hours.
centrosome - ANSWER region that organizes microtubules for cell division
centriole - ANSWER short cylindrical protein filaments made of tubulin. Plays role in
formation of mitotic spindle.
Chromatin fibers become more coiled and densely packed, sister chromatids are joined
at the centromere and have an X shape. - ANSWER Condensation stage of prophase
Cohesions - ANSWER proteins holding sister chromatids together
Microtubules begin moving to opposite poles of cell - ANSWER Centrosome movement
stage of prophase
, aster - ANSWER Radial microtubule proteins extending from each centrosome
Cytoskeletal apparatus composed of different types of microtubules to separate sister
chromatids. Includes centrosomes, spindle microtubules, and asters - ANSWER Mitotic
spindle
Synthesizes ribosomal subunits, breaks down during prophase - ANSWER Nucleolus
Characteristics of Prophase - ANSWER 1. Condensation of chromatin fibers
2. Centrosome movement
3. Formation of mitotic spindle
4. Breakdown of nucleolus
Characteristics of Prometaphase - ANSWER 1. Continued chromatin condensation
2. Changes to nuclear envelope
3. reorganization and changes to mitotic spindle
kinetochore - ANSWER structured region used for microtubule attachment, face in
opposite directions
Characteristics of metaphase - ANSWER 1. polarization of centrosomes
2. chromosome alignment along equatorial line of cell
3. kinetochore attachment
metaphase plate - ANSWER symmetrical plane across cell formed by centrosome
placement
Characteristics of anaphase - ANSWER 1. Separation of sister chromatids
2. movement of separated chromatids toward centrosome poles
3. elongation of cell
Characteristics of telophase - ANSWER 1. reformation of nuclei, some organelles, and
nuceoli
2. decondensing of chromosomes
3. dissolution of spindle microtubules
4. mitotic phase completion
5. Cytokinesis
Cleavage - ANSWER Process through which cytokinesis occurs in animal cells
Cleavage furrow - ANSWER visible groove along metphase plate of cell. Actin and
myosin interact to contract actin ring like a drawstring and divide the cell
Cell cycle control system - ANSWER molecular surveillance mechanisms that can halt
the cell cycle or allow it to proceed
CORRECT QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Nitrogenous bases of DNA - ANSWER Adenine
Guanine
Thymine
Cytosine
Contain 2 carbon-nitrogen rings, and 4 nitrogen atoms - ANSWER Purines - A and G
Contain 1 carbon-nitrogen ring, and 2 nitrogen atoms - ANSWER Pyramidines - T and C
Deoxyribose - ANSWER sugar chemically linked to each base in DNA
Nucleoside - ANSWER base + deoxyribose
Nucleotide - ANSWER base + deoxyribose + phosphate group
complementary pairs - ANSWER purine always pairs with pyramidine
(T+A), (C+G)
Messenger RNA (mRNA) - ANSWER transfers genetic info from DNA to ribosomes
site of protein synthesis - ANSWER ribosomes
S phase - ANSWER DNA duplication phase, lasts 10-12 hours
G2 phase - ANSWER Second growth phase, when synthesis of organelles and proteins
needed for mitosis occurs. Lasts 4-6 hours.
centrosome - ANSWER region that organizes microtubules for cell division
centriole - ANSWER short cylindrical protein filaments made of tubulin. Plays role in
formation of mitotic spindle.
Chromatin fibers become more coiled and densely packed, sister chromatids are joined
at the centromere and have an X shape. - ANSWER Condensation stage of prophase
Cohesions - ANSWER proteins holding sister chromatids together
Microtubules begin moving to opposite poles of cell - ANSWER Centrosome movement
stage of prophase
, aster - ANSWER Radial microtubule proteins extending from each centrosome
Cytoskeletal apparatus composed of different types of microtubules to separate sister
chromatids. Includes centrosomes, spindle microtubules, and asters - ANSWER Mitotic
spindle
Synthesizes ribosomal subunits, breaks down during prophase - ANSWER Nucleolus
Characteristics of Prophase - ANSWER 1. Condensation of chromatin fibers
2. Centrosome movement
3. Formation of mitotic spindle
4. Breakdown of nucleolus
Characteristics of Prometaphase - ANSWER 1. Continued chromatin condensation
2. Changes to nuclear envelope
3. reorganization and changes to mitotic spindle
kinetochore - ANSWER structured region used for microtubule attachment, face in
opposite directions
Characteristics of metaphase - ANSWER 1. polarization of centrosomes
2. chromosome alignment along equatorial line of cell
3. kinetochore attachment
metaphase plate - ANSWER symmetrical plane across cell formed by centrosome
placement
Characteristics of anaphase - ANSWER 1. Separation of sister chromatids
2. movement of separated chromatids toward centrosome poles
3. elongation of cell
Characteristics of telophase - ANSWER 1. reformation of nuclei, some organelles, and
nuceoli
2. decondensing of chromosomes
3. dissolution of spindle microtubules
4. mitotic phase completion
5. Cytokinesis
Cleavage - ANSWER Process through which cytokinesis occurs in animal cells
Cleavage furrow - ANSWER visible groove along metphase plate of cell. Actin and
myosin interact to contract actin ring like a drawstring and divide the cell
Cell cycle control system - ANSWER molecular surveillance mechanisms that can halt
the cell cycle or allow it to proceed
