1. A nurse is reinforcing dietary teaching to a client who follows a
kosher diet. Which of the following food combinations is appropriate?
A. Cheeseburger with fries
B. Chicken with cream sauce
C. Fish with steamed vegetables
D. Ham and eggs
Answer: C. Fish with steamed vegetables
Rationale: Kosher diets prohibit mixing meat and dairy and exclude
pork. Fish with vegetables is typically acceptable.
2. Which of the following clients has an increased protein requirement?
A. A 70-year-old with osteoporosis
B. A client with stage 4 chronic kidney disease
C. A pregnant woman in her second trimester
D. A client with hyperlipidemia
Answer: C. A pregnant woman in her second trimester
Rationale: Pregnancy increases protein needs to support fetal growth.
CKD patients may need protein restriction, and protein is not the
priority for osteoporosis or hyperlipidemia management.
3. A vegetarian is at risk for deficiency in which nutrient?
A. Fiber
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin C
D. Magnesium
Answer: B. Vitamin B12
Rationale: Vitamin B12 is found in animal products. Vegetarians and
vegans may require supplementation.
4. A nurse is teaching a client with celiac disease. Which of the
following grains should be avoided?
,A. Corn
B. Rice
C. Barley
D. Quinoa
Answer: C. Barley
Rationale: Barley contains gluten and should be avoided in celiac
disease. Corn, rice, and quinoa are gluten-free.
5. A nurse is planning care for a client who is newly diagnosed with
type 2 diabetes. Which of the following should be included in the
teaching plan?
A. “Avoid all carbohydrates.”
B. “Use regular soda to treat low blood sugar.”
C. “Eat meals and snacks at regular times.”
D. “Choose foods with high glycemic index.”
Answer: C. “Eat meals and snacks at regular times.”
Rationale: Consistent meal timing helps manage blood glucose levels
effectively. Carbs should be balanced, not eliminated.
6. A nurse is caring for a client with a pressure injury. Which nutrient
promotes wound healing?
A. Sodium
B. Vitamin E
C. Protein
D. Potassium
Answer: C. Protein
Rationale: Protein supports tissue repair and wound healing. Vitamin C
and zinc are also important but protein is essential.
7. Which is the best snack option for a toddler?
A. Raw carrots
B. Popcorn
C. Cheese cubes
, D. Whole grapes
Answer: C. Cheese cubes
Rationale: Cheese is safe and nutritious. Carrots, popcorn, and whole
grapes are choking hazards for toddlers.
8. A nurse is reviewing lab values for a client on a diuretic. Which
electrolyte is most at risk for imbalance?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
D. Chloride
Answer: B. Potassium
Rationale: Many diuretics (like furosemide) cause potassium loss,
leading to hypokalemia.
9. What food should a nurse recommend for a client who needs
increased zinc intake?
A. Carrots
B. Legumes
C. Apples
D. Potatoes
Answer: B. Legumes
Rationale: Legumes, meats, nuts, and whole grains are good sources of
zinc, important for immune function and wound healing.
10. Which mineral is important in preventing osteoporosis?
A. Sodium
B. Iron
C. Calcium
D. Potassium
Answer: C. Calcium
Rationale: Calcium, along with vitamin D, is crucial for bone health and
kosher diet. Which of the following food combinations is appropriate?
A. Cheeseburger with fries
B. Chicken with cream sauce
C. Fish with steamed vegetables
D. Ham and eggs
Answer: C. Fish with steamed vegetables
Rationale: Kosher diets prohibit mixing meat and dairy and exclude
pork. Fish with vegetables is typically acceptable.
2. Which of the following clients has an increased protein requirement?
A. A 70-year-old with osteoporosis
B. A client with stage 4 chronic kidney disease
C. A pregnant woman in her second trimester
D. A client with hyperlipidemia
Answer: C. A pregnant woman in her second trimester
Rationale: Pregnancy increases protein needs to support fetal growth.
CKD patients may need protein restriction, and protein is not the
priority for osteoporosis or hyperlipidemia management.
3. A vegetarian is at risk for deficiency in which nutrient?
A. Fiber
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin C
D. Magnesium
Answer: B. Vitamin B12
Rationale: Vitamin B12 is found in animal products. Vegetarians and
vegans may require supplementation.
4. A nurse is teaching a client with celiac disease. Which of the
following grains should be avoided?
,A. Corn
B. Rice
C. Barley
D. Quinoa
Answer: C. Barley
Rationale: Barley contains gluten and should be avoided in celiac
disease. Corn, rice, and quinoa are gluten-free.
5. A nurse is planning care for a client who is newly diagnosed with
type 2 diabetes. Which of the following should be included in the
teaching plan?
A. “Avoid all carbohydrates.”
B. “Use regular soda to treat low blood sugar.”
C. “Eat meals and snacks at regular times.”
D. “Choose foods with high glycemic index.”
Answer: C. “Eat meals and snacks at regular times.”
Rationale: Consistent meal timing helps manage blood glucose levels
effectively. Carbs should be balanced, not eliminated.
6. A nurse is caring for a client with a pressure injury. Which nutrient
promotes wound healing?
A. Sodium
B. Vitamin E
C. Protein
D. Potassium
Answer: C. Protein
Rationale: Protein supports tissue repair and wound healing. Vitamin C
and zinc are also important but protein is essential.
7. Which is the best snack option for a toddler?
A. Raw carrots
B. Popcorn
C. Cheese cubes
, D. Whole grapes
Answer: C. Cheese cubes
Rationale: Cheese is safe and nutritious. Carrots, popcorn, and whole
grapes are choking hazards for toddlers.
8. A nurse is reviewing lab values for a client on a diuretic. Which
electrolyte is most at risk for imbalance?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
D. Chloride
Answer: B. Potassium
Rationale: Many diuretics (like furosemide) cause potassium loss,
leading to hypokalemia.
9. What food should a nurse recommend for a client who needs
increased zinc intake?
A. Carrots
B. Legumes
C. Apples
D. Potatoes
Answer: B. Legumes
Rationale: Legumes, meats, nuts, and whole grains are good sources of
zinc, important for immune function and wound healing.
10. Which mineral is important in preventing osteoporosis?
A. Sodium
B. Iron
C. Calcium
D. Potassium
Answer: C. Calcium
Rationale: Calcium, along with vitamin D, is crucial for bone health and
