1. Which food choice supports iron absorption in a client taking oral
iron supplements?
A. Milk
B. Coffee
C. Orange juice
D. Green tea
Answer: C. Orange juice
Rationale: Vitamin C enhances iron absorption. Milk and tannins in
coffee/tea inhibit absorption.
2. A client on lithium therapy should avoid excessive intake of which
electrolyte?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
D. Magnesium
Answer: A. Sodium
Rationale: Fluctuations in sodium affect lithium levels. High sodium
intake can reduce lithium effectiveness; low sodium can increase
toxicity risk.
3. A nurse is teaching a client with celiac disease. Which of the
following grains should be avoided?
A. Corn
B. Rice
C. Barley
D. Quinoa
Answer: C. Barley
Rationale: Barley contains gluten and should be avoided in celiac
disease. Corn, rice, and quinoa are gluten-free.
,4. Which food is highest in potassium?
A. Apple
B. Orange juice
C. White bread
D. Chicken breast
Answer: B. Orange juice
Rationale: Orange juice is rich in potassium. Other high-potassium
foods include bananas, potatoes, and spinach.
5. Which of the following is an appropriate source of vitamin D?
A. Olive oil
B. Fortified milk
C. Egg whites
D. Spinach
Answer: B. Fortified milk
Rationale: Fortified dairy products are primary sources of vitamin D,
essential for calcium absorption.
6. A client on a low-residue diet should avoid which of the following
foods?
A. White rice
B. Canned peaches
C. Whole-grain bread
D. Tender beef
Answer: C. Whole-grain bread
Rationale: A low-residue diet limits fiber to reduce stool bulk. Whole
grains are high in fiber and should be avoided.
7. A nurse is reviewing nutritional recommendations for older adults.
Which of the following changes is related to aging?
A. Increased calorie needs
B. Increased sense of thirst
C. Decreased absorption of vitamin B12
, D. Increased taste sensitivity
Answer: C. Decreased absorption of vitamin B12
Rationale: Older adults often have reduced intrinsic factor, leading to
lower B12 absorption.
8. A nurse is reinforcing teaching about the Mediterranean diet. Which
of the following foods should be emphasized?
A. Red meats
B. Butter
C. Olive oil
D. Cream sauces
Answer: C. Olive oil
Rationale: The Mediterranean diet emphasizes plant-based foods,
healthy fats (like olive oil), fish, and whole grains.
9. Which of the following is the best source of folic acid for a client
planning to become pregnant?
A. Liver
B. Citrus fruits
C. Leafy green vegetables
D. Fortified cereals
Answer: D. Fortified cereals
Rationale: Fortified cereals are rich in folic acid and are recommended
for women of childbearing age to prevent neural tube defects.
10. Which food should be avoided by a client on a tyramine-restricted
diet for MAOIs?
A. Cheddar cheese
B. Banana
C. Apple
D. White bread
Answer: A. Cheddar cheese
iron supplements?
A. Milk
B. Coffee
C. Orange juice
D. Green tea
Answer: C. Orange juice
Rationale: Vitamin C enhances iron absorption. Milk and tannins in
coffee/tea inhibit absorption.
2. A client on lithium therapy should avoid excessive intake of which
electrolyte?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
D. Magnesium
Answer: A. Sodium
Rationale: Fluctuations in sodium affect lithium levels. High sodium
intake can reduce lithium effectiveness; low sodium can increase
toxicity risk.
3. A nurse is teaching a client with celiac disease. Which of the
following grains should be avoided?
A. Corn
B. Rice
C. Barley
D. Quinoa
Answer: C. Barley
Rationale: Barley contains gluten and should be avoided in celiac
disease. Corn, rice, and quinoa are gluten-free.
,4. Which food is highest in potassium?
A. Apple
B. Orange juice
C. White bread
D. Chicken breast
Answer: B. Orange juice
Rationale: Orange juice is rich in potassium. Other high-potassium
foods include bananas, potatoes, and spinach.
5. Which of the following is an appropriate source of vitamin D?
A. Olive oil
B. Fortified milk
C. Egg whites
D. Spinach
Answer: B. Fortified milk
Rationale: Fortified dairy products are primary sources of vitamin D,
essential for calcium absorption.
6. A client on a low-residue diet should avoid which of the following
foods?
A. White rice
B. Canned peaches
C. Whole-grain bread
D. Tender beef
Answer: C. Whole-grain bread
Rationale: A low-residue diet limits fiber to reduce stool bulk. Whole
grains are high in fiber and should be avoided.
7. A nurse is reviewing nutritional recommendations for older adults.
Which of the following changes is related to aging?
A. Increased calorie needs
B. Increased sense of thirst
C. Decreased absorption of vitamin B12
, D. Increased taste sensitivity
Answer: C. Decreased absorption of vitamin B12
Rationale: Older adults often have reduced intrinsic factor, leading to
lower B12 absorption.
8. A nurse is reinforcing teaching about the Mediterranean diet. Which
of the following foods should be emphasized?
A. Red meats
B. Butter
C. Olive oil
D. Cream sauces
Answer: C. Olive oil
Rationale: The Mediterranean diet emphasizes plant-based foods,
healthy fats (like olive oil), fish, and whole grains.
9. Which of the following is the best source of folic acid for a client
planning to become pregnant?
A. Liver
B. Citrus fruits
C. Leafy green vegetables
D. Fortified cereals
Answer: D. Fortified cereals
Rationale: Fortified cereals are rich in folic acid and are recommended
for women of childbearing age to prevent neural tube defects.
10. Which food should be avoided by a client on a tyramine-restricted
diet for MAOIs?
A. Cheddar cheese
B. Banana
C. Apple
D. White bread
Answer: A. Cheddar cheese
