1. What is a sign of vitamin A toxicity?
A. Night blindness
B. Dry skin
C. Nausea and liver damage
D. Rickets
Answer: C. Nausea and liver damage
Rationale: Excess vitamin A is toxic and can cause nausea, headaches,
and liver dysfunction.
2. Which intervention helps reduce the risk of aspiration during enteral
feedings?
A. Infuse feedings rapidly
B. Lower the head of bed
C. Keep client supine during feeding
D. Elevate the head of bed at least 30 degrees
Answer: D. Elevate the head of bed at least 30 degrees
Rationale: Keeping the head elevated during and after feeding reduces
aspiration risk.
3. Which is an appropriate snack for a client with diabetes mellitus?
A. Doughnut
B. Apple with peanut butter
C. Candy bar
D. White bread and jam
Answer: B. Apple with peanut butter
Rationale: This snack includes fiber and protein, helping stabilize blood
glucose levels.
4. Which of the following clients has an increased protein requirement?
A. A 70-year-old with osteoporosis
B. A client with stage 4 chronic kidney disease
,C. A pregnant woman in her second trimester
D. A client with hyperlipidemia
Answer: C. A pregnant woman in her second trimester
Rationale: Pregnancy increases protein needs to support fetal growth.
CKD patients may need protein restriction, and protein is not the
priority for osteoporosis or hyperlipidemia management.
5. A nurse is providing dietary instructions to a client with chronic
kidney disease. Which should be limited?
A. Potassium
B. Iron
C. Fiber
D. Vitamin D
Answer: A. Potassium
Rationale: Potassium can accumulate in CKD and cause dangerous
arrhythmias; intake must often be restricted.
6. Which lab result indicates malnutrition?
A. Elevated albumin
B. Decreased prealbumin
C. High cholesterol
D. Elevated creatinine
Answer: B. Decreased prealbumin
Rationale: Prealbumin is a sensitive marker of protein malnutrition and
responds quickly to changes in nutritional status.
7. Which of the following conditions requires a low-purine diet?
A. Hypertension
B. Chronic kidney disease
C. Gout
D. Diabetes mellitus
Answer: C. Gout
, Rationale: Gout is managed by limiting purine intake, which can reduce
uric acid levels and flare-ups.
8. Which of the following is a sign of vitamin C deficiency?
A. Night blindness
B. Delayed wound healing
C. Rickets
D. Neural tube defects
Answer: B. Delayed wound healing
Rationale: Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis and wound
healing. Night blindness is related to vitamin A, rickets to vitamin D,
and neural tube defects to folate.
9. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new
prescription for warfarin. Which of the following should the nurse
instruct the client to limit?
A. Foods high in potassium
B. Foods high in calcium
C. Foods high in vitamin K
D. Foods high in iron
Answer: C. Foods high in vitamin K
Rationale: Vitamin K can interfere with warfarin’s anticoagulant effect.
Patients should maintain consistent intake, not drastically increase or
decrease vitamin K.
10. A nurse is reviewing lab values for a client on a diuretic. Which
electrolyte is most at risk for imbalance?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
D. Chloride
Answer: B. Potassium
Rationale: Many diuretics (like furosemide) cause potassium loss,
A. Night blindness
B. Dry skin
C. Nausea and liver damage
D. Rickets
Answer: C. Nausea and liver damage
Rationale: Excess vitamin A is toxic and can cause nausea, headaches,
and liver dysfunction.
2. Which intervention helps reduce the risk of aspiration during enteral
feedings?
A. Infuse feedings rapidly
B. Lower the head of bed
C. Keep client supine during feeding
D. Elevate the head of bed at least 30 degrees
Answer: D. Elevate the head of bed at least 30 degrees
Rationale: Keeping the head elevated during and after feeding reduces
aspiration risk.
3. Which is an appropriate snack for a client with diabetes mellitus?
A. Doughnut
B. Apple with peanut butter
C. Candy bar
D. White bread and jam
Answer: B. Apple with peanut butter
Rationale: This snack includes fiber and protein, helping stabilize blood
glucose levels.
4. Which of the following clients has an increased protein requirement?
A. A 70-year-old with osteoporosis
B. A client with stage 4 chronic kidney disease
,C. A pregnant woman in her second trimester
D. A client with hyperlipidemia
Answer: C. A pregnant woman in her second trimester
Rationale: Pregnancy increases protein needs to support fetal growth.
CKD patients may need protein restriction, and protein is not the
priority for osteoporosis or hyperlipidemia management.
5. A nurse is providing dietary instructions to a client with chronic
kidney disease. Which should be limited?
A. Potassium
B. Iron
C. Fiber
D. Vitamin D
Answer: A. Potassium
Rationale: Potassium can accumulate in CKD and cause dangerous
arrhythmias; intake must often be restricted.
6. Which lab result indicates malnutrition?
A. Elevated albumin
B. Decreased prealbumin
C. High cholesterol
D. Elevated creatinine
Answer: B. Decreased prealbumin
Rationale: Prealbumin is a sensitive marker of protein malnutrition and
responds quickly to changes in nutritional status.
7. Which of the following conditions requires a low-purine diet?
A. Hypertension
B. Chronic kidney disease
C. Gout
D. Diabetes mellitus
Answer: C. Gout
, Rationale: Gout is managed by limiting purine intake, which can reduce
uric acid levels and flare-ups.
8. Which of the following is a sign of vitamin C deficiency?
A. Night blindness
B. Delayed wound healing
C. Rickets
D. Neural tube defects
Answer: B. Delayed wound healing
Rationale: Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis and wound
healing. Night blindness is related to vitamin A, rickets to vitamin D,
and neural tube defects to folate.
9. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new
prescription for warfarin. Which of the following should the nurse
instruct the client to limit?
A. Foods high in potassium
B. Foods high in calcium
C. Foods high in vitamin K
D. Foods high in iron
Answer: C. Foods high in vitamin K
Rationale: Vitamin K can interfere with warfarin’s anticoagulant effect.
Patients should maintain consistent intake, not drastically increase or
decrease vitamin K.
10. A nurse is reviewing lab values for a client on a diuretic. Which
electrolyte is most at risk for imbalance?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
D. Chloride
Answer: B. Potassium
Rationale: Many diuretics (like furosemide) cause potassium loss,
