EXSS 380 Test 3 Actual study Questions
and correct/verified Answers
Motor Learning - ANSW-Study of the acquisition of motor skills
- Focused on behavioral and neurological consequences associated with learning of a motor skill
- changes in internal processes that determine an individual's capabilities for performing a motor task
Motor skill - ANSW-an activity that requires voluntary movement to achieve a goal
Transfer of learning - ANSW-near transfer
far transfer
generalization (near transfer) - ANSW-- transfer of learning from one task to another similar task
*Transfer of skill performance from the instructional setting to the target context
Far transfer - ANSW-transfer of learning of one task to a different task
Learning of a general capability for use in a variety of applications
Specificity of learning principle - ANSW-best practice approximates the movements of the target skill and
the environmental conditions of the target contextPast experiences and the transfer of common
elements only enhance learning in initial stages
As skill level improves, learning experience should focus on target movement
stages of learning - ANSW-verbal-cognitive stage motor stage autonomous stage
verbal cognitive stage - ANSW-Occurs when learner is confronted with an entirely unfamiliar task
Challenge is to gain a general understanding of the task
Marked by verbal and cognitive strategizing
Verbal/Cognitive effort requires great deal of attention, thus preventing many other aspects from being
processed
large gains in performance, typically unsmooth and poorly timed
motor stage (associative stage) - ANSW-Focus shifted from strategy to refinement of movement patterns
, Changes evidenced in producing more effective movement patterns
Improvements in consistency
Improvements in anticipation and timing
rapid movement - ANSW-motor program development (takes more time to learn than slow)
slow movement - ANSW-improvement in processing and utilizing specific feedback
Closed skills - ANSW-Stationary environment allows for fixation on repetition of the same movement
(e.g. golf)
takes less time to learn than open skills
open skills - ANSW-Changing environment requires development of adaptation strategies (e.g. baseball)
Autonomous stage - ANSW-Efficient performance with little or no attention
Motor programs nearly fully developed, thus minimal attention devoted to aspects of movement
Automaticity in sensory analysis of environmental cues
Process measures - ANSW-Provide information regarding the processes involved with movement
production
-Kinematic analysis
-Kinetic analysis
Highly sensitive and specific, but not usually applicable in most learning environments
e.g. coaching, rehabilitation clinics
Outcome measures - ANSW-Indicative of the results of a movement task
-Accuracy
-Time
-Distance
-Consistency
Performance curves - ANSW-Not necessarily indicative of learning
Dependent variable value (Y axis) determined by...
- Learning
- Multiple extraneous influences
Measuring motor learning - ANSW-Evaluated via retention/transfer experimental designs
and correct/verified Answers
Motor Learning - ANSW-Study of the acquisition of motor skills
- Focused on behavioral and neurological consequences associated with learning of a motor skill
- changes in internal processes that determine an individual's capabilities for performing a motor task
Motor skill - ANSW-an activity that requires voluntary movement to achieve a goal
Transfer of learning - ANSW-near transfer
far transfer
generalization (near transfer) - ANSW-- transfer of learning from one task to another similar task
*Transfer of skill performance from the instructional setting to the target context
Far transfer - ANSW-transfer of learning of one task to a different task
Learning of a general capability for use in a variety of applications
Specificity of learning principle - ANSW-best practice approximates the movements of the target skill and
the environmental conditions of the target contextPast experiences and the transfer of common
elements only enhance learning in initial stages
As skill level improves, learning experience should focus on target movement
stages of learning - ANSW-verbal-cognitive stage motor stage autonomous stage
verbal cognitive stage - ANSW-Occurs when learner is confronted with an entirely unfamiliar task
Challenge is to gain a general understanding of the task
Marked by verbal and cognitive strategizing
Verbal/Cognitive effort requires great deal of attention, thus preventing many other aspects from being
processed
large gains in performance, typically unsmooth and poorly timed
motor stage (associative stage) - ANSW-Focus shifted from strategy to refinement of movement patterns
, Changes evidenced in producing more effective movement patterns
Improvements in consistency
Improvements in anticipation and timing
rapid movement - ANSW-motor program development (takes more time to learn than slow)
slow movement - ANSW-improvement in processing and utilizing specific feedback
Closed skills - ANSW-Stationary environment allows for fixation on repetition of the same movement
(e.g. golf)
takes less time to learn than open skills
open skills - ANSW-Changing environment requires development of adaptation strategies (e.g. baseball)
Autonomous stage - ANSW-Efficient performance with little or no attention
Motor programs nearly fully developed, thus minimal attention devoted to aspects of movement
Automaticity in sensory analysis of environmental cues
Process measures - ANSW-Provide information regarding the processes involved with movement
production
-Kinematic analysis
-Kinetic analysis
Highly sensitive and specific, but not usually applicable in most learning environments
e.g. coaching, rehabilitation clinics
Outcome measures - ANSW-Indicative of the results of a movement task
-Accuracy
-Time
-Distance
-Consistency
Performance curves - ANSW-Not necessarily indicative of learning
Dependent variable value (Y axis) determined by...
- Learning
- Multiple extraneous influences
Measuring motor learning - ANSW-Evaluated via retention/transfer experimental designs
