EXSS 380 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
STUDY GUIDEmotor control - Answers :The study of how the neuromuscular system
initiates and coordinates muscle activity to produce movement
motor learning - Answers :the study of acquisition of motor skills
motor skills - Answers :an activity that requires voluntary movement to achieve a goal
motor control and motor learning are sub disciplines of two areas - Answers
:neurophysiology and psychology
how did WWII help with knowledge of neurophysiology and psychology? - Answers
:determination of individuals best suited for combat and equipment design
sensory - Answers :senses changes in the internal and external environment
integrative - Answers :analyzes data, stores data, decides which stimuli are important
motor - Answers :responds to stimuli through muscular contractions or glandular
secretion
central nervous system consists of - Answers :brain and spinal cord
brain location - Answers :superior to foramen magnum
spinal cord location - Answers :inferior to foramen magnum
what are the two divisions of PNS? - Answers :autonomic nervous system and somatic
nervous system
autonomic nervous system controls what kind of movement - Answers :involuntary
autonomic nervous system has connections to - Answers :smooth muscle, cardiac
muscle, and glands
two subdivisions of autonomic nervous system - Answers :sympathetic(excitatory) and
parasympathetic(inhibitory)
somatic nervous system consists of what muscle activity - Answers :voluntary and
reflexive muscle activity
somatic nervous system has output to - Answers :skeletal muscle only
somatic nervous system motor stimuli are all --- in nature - Answers :excitatory
,3 parts of a neuron - Answers :dendrites, cell body, axon
afferent(sensory) neurons transmit impulses - Answers :from peripheral receptors to
CNS
efferent (motor) neurons transmit impulses from - Answers :CNS to effects
efferent (motor) neurons transmit impulses from - Answers :CNS to effectors
dendrite - Answers :input to neuron, branched processes emerging from cell body
dendrite function - Answers :conducts nerve impulses toward cell body
relays information from external environment
axon - Answers :long, thin cylindrical process
axon joins cell body at - Answers :axon-hillock
axon function - Answers :Transmit nerve impulses away from cell body to...
other neurons, muscle fibers, or glands
Communicates with other cells via axon terminals
What pops out form synaptic end bulbs when we are trainsmitting info? - Answers
:neurotransmitters
synapse - Answers :Junction b/w neurons &:
Other neurons
Effectors
muscle or gland
three major categories of neurotransmitters - Answers :amino acids, neuropeptides,
biogenic amines
myelin sheath is formed by - Answers :Schwann cells
myelin sheath - Answers :multilayered, segmented lipid
myelin sheath function - Answers :increases nerve conduction velocity
acetylcholine has a key role in - Answers :skeletal muscle contraction
nodes of ranvier - Answers :Narrow gaps in myelin sheaths between adjacent Schwann
cells
have to have ranvier nodes so - Answers :action potential can regenerate
, interneurons are in the - Answers :CNS
nerve fiber - Answers :neuronal process
nerve - Answers :bundle of nerve fibers in PNS
tract - Answers :bundle of nerve fibers in CNS
nucleus - Answers :cluster of nerve cell bodies in CNS
ganglion - Answers :cluster of nerve cell bodies in PNS
information transfer based on - Answers :movement of charged particles (ions)
do all neurons have myelination? - Answers :no
is 100% of the axon covered in myelination? - Answers :no
what are the gaps in myelination? - Answers :nodes of ranvier
what is movement of charged particles governed by? - Answers :excitable membranes
surrounding cells
what ultimately changes permeability? - Answers :neurotransmitters?
resting membrane potential in nervous tissue - Answers :-60 mV to -70 mV
resting membrane potential for skeletal muscle - Answers :-80 mV
anytime resting membrane potential is not at zero we have a - Answers :polarized cell
how do we depolarize the cell? excite it? - Answers :-70 mV to zero
trying to inhibit resting membrane potential how does it move - Answers :-70mV to more
negative number
excitation and inhibition are caused by changes in what? - Answers :resting potential
Net ion influx across membrane is due to what 3 factors? - Answers :forces, selective
membrane potentiality, sodium potassium pump
how does the concentration gradient move ions? - Answers :if you have a whole bunch
of potassium ions on inside you're going to move them to the outside and vice versa
more negative ions where in the cell? - Answers :inside
STUDY GUIDEmotor control - Answers :The study of how the neuromuscular system
initiates and coordinates muscle activity to produce movement
motor learning - Answers :the study of acquisition of motor skills
motor skills - Answers :an activity that requires voluntary movement to achieve a goal
motor control and motor learning are sub disciplines of two areas - Answers
:neurophysiology and psychology
how did WWII help with knowledge of neurophysiology and psychology? - Answers
:determination of individuals best suited for combat and equipment design
sensory - Answers :senses changes in the internal and external environment
integrative - Answers :analyzes data, stores data, decides which stimuli are important
motor - Answers :responds to stimuli through muscular contractions or glandular
secretion
central nervous system consists of - Answers :brain and spinal cord
brain location - Answers :superior to foramen magnum
spinal cord location - Answers :inferior to foramen magnum
what are the two divisions of PNS? - Answers :autonomic nervous system and somatic
nervous system
autonomic nervous system controls what kind of movement - Answers :involuntary
autonomic nervous system has connections to - Answers :smooth muscle, cardiac
muscle, and glands
two subdivisions of autonomic nervous system - Answers :sympathetic(excitatory) and
parasympathetic(inhibitory)
somatic nervous system consists of what muscle activity - Answers :voluntary and
reflexive muscle activity
somatic nervous system has output to - Answers :skeletal muscle only
somatic nervous system motor stimuli are all --- in nature - Answers :excitatory
,3 parts of a neuron - Answers :dendrites, cell body, axon
afferent(sensory) neurons transmit impulses - Answers :from peripheral receptors to
CNS
efferent (motor) neurons transmit impulses from - Answers :CNS to effects
efferent (motor) neurons transmit impulses from - Answers :CNS to effectors
dendrite - Answers :input to neuron, branched processes emerging from cell body
dendrite function - Answers :conducts nerve impulses toward cell body
relays information from external environment
axon - Answers :long, thin cylindrical process
axon joins cell body at - Answers :axon-hillock
axon function - Answers :Transmit nerve impulses away from cell body to...
other neurons, muscle fibers, or glands
Communicates with other cells via axon terminals
What pops out form synaptic end bulbs when we are trainsmitting info? - Answers
:neurotransmitters
synapse - Answers :Junction b/w neurons &:
Other neurons
Effectors
muscle or gland
three major categories of neurotransmitters - Answers :amino acids, neuropeptides,
biogenic amines
myelin sheath is formed by - Answers :Schwann cells
myelin sheath - Answers :multilayered, segmented lipid
myelin sheath function - Answers :increases nerve conduction velocity
acetylcholine has a key role in - Answers :skeletal muscle contraction
nodes of ranvier - Answers :Narrow gaps in myelin sheaths between adjacent Schwann
cells
have to have ranvier nodes so - Answers :action potential can regenerate
, interneurons are in the - Answers :CNS
nerve fiber - Answers :neuronal process
nerve - Answers :bundle of nerve fibers in PNS
tract - Answers :bundle of nerve fibers in CNS
nucleus - Answers :cluster of nerve cell bodies in CNS
ganglion - Answers :cluster of nerve cell bodies in PNS
information transfer based on - Answers :movement of charged particles (ions)
do all neurons have myelination? - Answers :no
is 100% of the axon covered in myelination? - Answers :no
what are the gaps in myelination? - Answers :nodes of ranvier
what is movement of charged particles governed by? - Answers :excitable membranes
surrounding cells
what ultimately changes permeability? - Answers :neurotransmitters?
resting membrane potential in nervous tissue - Answers :-60 mV to -70 mV
resting membrane potential for skeletal muscle - Answers :-80 mV
anytime resting membrane potential is not at zero we have a - Answers :polarized cell
how do we depolarize the cell? excite it? - Answers :-70 mV to zero
trying to inhibit resting membrane potential how does it move - Answers :-70mV to more
negative number
excitation and inhibition are caused by changes in what? - Answers :resting potential
Net ion influx across membrane is due to what 3 factors? - Answers :forces, selective
membrane potentiality, sodium potassium pump
how does the concentration gradient move ions? - Answers :if you have a whole bunch
of potassium ions on inside you're going to move them to the outside and vice versa
more negative ions where in the cell? - Answers :inside
