EXSS 380 REVIEW QUESTIONS &ANSWERS
The neurotransmitter associated with skeletal muscle depolarization is _____. -
Answers :acetylcholine
A change in selective membrane permeability to _____ begins the chain reaction that
results in membrane depolarization. - Answers :Na+
The smallest component of the nervous system that contributes to muscle contraction is
the __________. - Answers :motor unit
The spinal nerve root that exits the spinal column between the 7th and 8th thoracic
vertebrae is named _____. - Answers :T7
The _____ is associated with integration of sensory and motor information to produce
smooth movement. - Answers :cerebellum
The mechanism by which a single presynaptic neuron is capable of increasing the
EPSP in a postsynaptic neuron is _____. - Answers :temporal summation
The cerebellum has connections to all of the following except _____. - Answers :alpha-
motor neurons
The dorsal roots of spinal nerves contain ____. - Answers :sensory neurons
More than half of the neurons in the brain are located in the _____. - Answers
:cerebellum
The spinal stretch reflex is an example of a(an) ________ feedback loop. - Answers
:negative
Neurons A and B are both Type Ia. Neuron A has an axonal diameter of 25 microns,
and neuron B has an axonal diameter of 18 microns. Which neuron has the highest
conduction velocity? - Answers :neuron A
Excitation of the Ia inhibitory interneuron would _____. - Answers :increase reciprocal
inhibition
Excitation of the Renshaw cell would _____. - Answers :decrease reciprocal inhibition
A neuroscientist is measuring activity from a sensory neuron innervating the vastus
lateralis. During rapid eccentric contraction, she notices that the activity of the neuron
displays high frequency activity. What type of neuron is the researcher measuring? -
Answers :type 1a
, The _____ neuron is sensitive to muscle length. - Answers :type 2
Inhibition of an inhibitory neuron refers to _____. - Answers :disinhibition
The net effect of recurrent inhibition is _____. - Answers :inhibition of the agonist and
disinhibition of the antagonist
Autogenic inhibition is initiated by the _____. - Answers :type 2b neuron
A form of inhibition that decreases the post synaptic neuron's sensitivity to selective
inputs is _____. - Answers :presynaptic inhibition
Articular receptors located in the anterior cruciate ligament produce a stress-elicited
reflex response in the ____ muscles. - Answers :hamstrings
_____ is designed to avoid noxious (painful) stimuli. - Answers :flexion-withdrawal reflex
Electromechanical delay refers to _____. - Answers :the time interval between the onset
of neural activation of a muscle and force production
Under which of the following scenarios would we expect EMG amplitude and muscle
force to be related? - Answers :triceps brachii contraction of a male cheerleader
supporting a female cheerleader above him (isometric contraction)
The "Contract-relax" method of PNF stretching utilizes _____ to improve range of
motion. - Answers :autogenic inhibition
The "Slow Reversal Hold-relax" method of PNF stretching utilizes _____ to improve
range of motion. - Answers :reciprocal and autogenic inhibition
Why is ballistic/bouncing stretching techniques not as effective as passive stretching or
PNF stretching? - Answers :because it does not take advantage of autogenic inhibition
Briefly (i.e. 2-3 sentences) explain why ballistic/bouncing stretching techniques are not
as effective as passive stretching or PNF stretching. - Answers :The bouncing in ballistic
stretching is too short. This does not give time for autogenic inhibition to occur-- instead,
the spinal stretch reflex is activated.
Which type of neuron conducts nerve impulses away from the central nervous system?
- Answers :efferent
The ________ area of the cerebral cortex is responsible for integration and
interpretation of information from peripheral receptors. - Answers :somatosensory
association
The neurotransmitter associated with skeletal muscle depolarization is _____. -
Answers :acetylcholine
A change in selective membrane permeability to _____ begins the chain reaction that
results in membrane depolarization. - Answers :Na+
The smallest component of the nervous system that contributes to muscle contraction is
the __________. - Answers :motor unit
The spinal nerve root that exits the spinal column between the 7th and 8th thoracic
vertebrae is named _____. - Answers :T7
The _____ is associated with integration of sensory and motor information to produce
smooth movement. - Answers :cerebellum
The mechanism by which a single presynaptic neuron is capable of increasing the
EPSP in a postsynaptic neuron is _____. - Answers :temporal summation
The cerebellum has connections to all of the following except _____. - Answers :alpha-
motor neurons
The dorsal roots of spinal nerves contain ____. - Answers :sensory neurons
More than half of the neurons in the brain are located in the _____. - Answers
:cerebellum
The spinal stretch reflex is an example of a(an) ________ feedback loop. - Answers
:negative
Neurons A and B are both Type Ia. Neuron A has an axonal diameter of 25 microns,
and neuron B has an axonal diameter of 18 microns. Which neuron has the highest
conduction velocity? - Answers :neuron A
Excitation of the Ia inhibitory interneuron would _____. - Answers :increase reciprocal
inhibition
Excitation of the Renshaw cell would _____. - Answers :decrease reciprocal inhibition
A neuroscientist is measuring activity from a sensory neuron innervating the vastus
lateralis. During rapid eccentric contraction, she notices that the activity of the neuron
displays high frequency activity. What type of neuron is the researcher measuring? -
Answers :type 1a
, The _____ neuron is sensitive to muscle length. - Answers :type 2
Inhibition of an inhibitory neuron refers to _____. - Answers :disinhibition
The net effect of recurrent inhibition is _____. - Answers :inhibition of the agonist and
disinhibition of the antagonist
Autogenic inhibition is initiated by the _____. - Answers :type 2b neuron
A form of inhibition that decreases the post synaptic neuron's sensitivity to selective
inputs is _____. - Answers :presynaptic inhibition
Articular receptors located in the anterior cruciate ligament produce a stress-elicited
reflex response in the ____ muscles. - Answers :hamstrings
_____ is designed to avoid noxious (painful) stimuli. - Answers :flexion-withdrawal reflex
Electromechanical delay refers to _____. - Answers :the time interval between the onset
of neural activation of a muscle and force production
Under which of the following scenarios would we expect EMG amplitude and muscle
force to be related? - Answers :triceps brachii contraction of a male cheerleader
supporting a female cheerleader above him (isometric contraction)
The "Contract-relax" method of PNF stretching utilizes _____ to improve range of
motion. - Answers :autogenic inhibition
The "Slow Reversal Hold-relax" method of PNF stretching utilizes _____ to improve
range of motion. - Answers :reciprocal and autogenic inhibition
Why is ballistic/bouncing stretching techniques not as effective as passive stretching or
PNF stretching? - Answers :because it does not take advantage of autogenic inhibition
Briefly (i.e. 2-3 sentences) explain why ballistic/bouncing stretching techniques are not
as effective as passive stretching or PNF stretching. - Answers :The bouncing in ballistic
stretching is too short. This does not give time for autogenic inhibition to occur-- instead,
the spinal stretch reflex is activated.
Which type of neuron conducts nerve impulses away from the central nervous system?
- Answers :efferent
The ________ area of the cerebral cortex is responsible for integration and
interpretation of information from peripheral receptors. - Answers :somatosensory
association
