UNC EXSS 380 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What processes sensory information ? - Answers :Central Nervous System
What information is being provided to the CNS for processing? - Answers :Sensory
input from periphery
How does the CNS respond to sensory input from periphery? - Answers :Used to make
appropriate motor output
What are the 3 tasks of increasing complexity in Donder's Subtractive Method? -
Answers :1. Simple Reaction Time
2. Go/No-go Reaction Time
3. Choice Reaction Time
Simple Reaction Time - Answers :-Single visual stimulus
-Simple reaction task
-quickest RT
Ex: Press a key with right index finger following light stimulus
go/no-go reaction time - Answers :- two light stimuli (discriminatory)
Ex: press button when green light shows but not red
choice reaction time - Answers :two types of stimuli and two types of responses
-longest RT
EX: press button w/ left hand when there's green light; press button w/ right hand when
there's red button
As movement complexity increases, Reaction time... - Answers :increases
Who was the classical experiment of RT conducted by? - Answers :Henry & Rogers
(1960)
long-term memory - Answers :sensory info & motor plans transferred to long-term
storage via practice
-large capacity allows for changes in motor programs
Short Term Sensory Store (STSS) - Answers :- Unlimited information received, huge
capacity, held for brief periods of time
-contains somatosensory, auditory, visual stimuli, kinesthesia, etc.
Short-term memory - Answers :"working memory"
-integrated and processed via conscious effort
-longer wait to recall joint position (proprioception) = cannot remember
, where is info from STSS and long-term memory integrated? - Answers :Short-term
memory
what happens to sensory info in short-term memory during Response Selection Stage?
- Answers :Info in short-term memory is integrated w/ info from long-term memory
during choice RT experiments
Cycle of Short-term memory - Answers :1. STSS : Sensory input to somatosensory
cortex
2. Short-term memory: Solution gotten by integration of incoming & stored
somatosensory info
3. Long-term memory: Stored "sensory memories" in Somatosensory Association
Cortex
Open-Loop Processes - Answers :- Movement "signals" are preprogrammed and
executed without consideration of feedback
- ignore sensory feedback during movement (not utilized during activation)
What does open-loop processes use prior to movement? - Answers :Sensory info to
help plan movement
What does open-loop processes do at the end of movement? - Answers :Process
sensory info to figure out how we can do better in future
Voluntary Movement - Answers :Involves complex interactions in musculoskeletal
system
(brain can come up w/ any program, even causing antagonist movement during agonist
movement)
How does the Central Nervous System know when to do voluntary movements and how
much force to create? - Answers :Motor Programs from direct movement need to higher
brain centers when feedback is unlikely
- Degrees of freedom
- Agonist / Antagonist Timing
What are the problems with Degrees of Freedom? - Answers :1. Parameters involved in
limb movement (joint motion, muscle amplitudes and sequencing, etc)
2. Large % of RAM (big amount of mental effort for simply movement )
3. Feedback only plays roles in refinement and adjustment
What phenomenon is the CNS considered to be & why? - Answers :"Black Box"
- Internal processes are inferred (inability to measure internal processes)
What processes sensory information ? - Answers :Central Nervous System
What information is being provided to the CNS for processing? - Answers :Sensory
input from periphery
How does the CNS respond to sensory input from periphery? - Answers :Used to make
appropriate motor output
What are the 3 tasks of increasing complexity in Donder's Subtractive Method? -
Answers :1. Simple Reaction Time
2. Go/No-go Reaction Time
3. Choice Reaction Time
Simple Reaction Time - Answers :-Single visual stimulus
-Simple reaction task
-quickest RT
Ex: Press a key with right index finger following light stimulus
go/no-go reaction time - Answers :- two light stimuli (discriminatory)
Ex: press button when green light shows but not red
choice reaction time - Answers :two types of stimuli and two types of responses
-longest RT
EX: press button w/ left hand when there's green light; press button w/ right hand when
there's red button
As movement complexity increases, Reaction time... - Answers :increases
Who was the classical experiment of RT conducted by? - Answers :Henry & Rogers
(1960)
long-term memory - Answers :sensory info & motor plans transferred to long-term
storage via practice
-large capacity allows for changes in motor programs
Short Term Sensory Store (STSS) - Answers :- Unlimited information received, huge
capacity, held for brief periods of time
-contains somatosensory, auditory, visual stimuli, kinesthesia, etc.
Short-term memory - Answers :"working memory"
-integrated and processed via conscious effort
-longer wait to recall joint position (proprioception) = cannot remember
, where is info from STSS and long-term memory integrated? - Answers :Short-term
memory
what happens to sensory info in short-term memory during Response Selection Stage?
- Answers :Info in short-term memory is integrated w/ info from long-term memory
during choice RT experiments
Cycle of Short-term memory - Answers :1. STSS : Sensory input to somatosensory
cortex
2. Short-term memory: Solution gotten by integration of incoming & stored
somatosensory info
3. Long-term memory: Stored "sensory memories" in Somatosensory Association
Cortex
Open-Loop Processes - Answers :- Movement "signals" are preprogrammed and
executed without consideration of feedback
- ignore sensory feedback during movement (not utilized during activation)
What does open-loop processes use prior to movement? - Answers :Sensory info to
help plan movement
What does open-loop processes do at the end of movement? - Answers :Process
sensory info to figure out how we can do better in future
Voluntary Movement - Answers :Involves complex interactions in musculoskeletal
system
(brain can come up w/ any program, even causing antagonist movement during agonist
movement)
How does the Central Nervous System know when to do voluntary movements and how
much force to create? - Answers :Motor Programs from direct movement need to higher
brain centers when feedback is unlikely
- Degrees of freedom
- Agonist / Antagonist Timing
What are the problems with Degrees of Freedom? - Answers :1. Parameters involved in
limb movement (joint motion, muscle amplitudes and sequencing, etc)
2. Large % of RAM (big amount of mental effort for simply movement )
3. Feedback only plays roles in refinement and adjustment
What phenomenon is the CNS considered to be & why? - Answers :"Black Box"
- Internal processes are inferred (inability to measure internal processes)
