EXSS 380 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
The _____ area of the cerebral cortex is responsible for integration & interpretation of
information from the peripheral receptors. - Answers :somatosensory association
The precentral gyrus is composed of the _____, while the postcentral gyrus is
composed of the _____. - Answers :primary motor area; somatosensory area
The area of the somatosensory cortex representing the fingers is relatively _____, that
of the toes is relatively _____. - Answers :large; small
The majority of neural tracts are transferred to the opposite of the CNS (decussation)
near the _____. - Answers :medulla oblongata
The cerebellum has outputs to all of the following except _____. - Answers :alpha-
motorneurons
Neurons which transmit information toward the central nervous system are _____. -
Answers :afferent
The neurotransmitter associated with skeletal muscle depolarization is _____. -
Answers :acetylcholine
Depletion of _____ is associated with Parkinson's disease. - Answers :dopamine
Input to the soma is achieved via the _____, while output is achieved via that _____. -
Answers :dendrite; axon
When at rest, the intracellular space (inside the membrane) is _____ charged relative to
the extracellular space (outside the membrane). - Answers :negatively
In general, a change in selective membrane permeability to _____ begins the chain
reaction that results in membrane depolarization. - Answers :Na+
The motor units associated with the muscles that control eye movements have a _____
innervation ration, and those of the quadriceps have a _____ inneravation ration. -
Answers :low; high
Which type of muscle fiber is activated initially during muscle contraction? - Answers
:type I
A homunculus best refers to which of the following? - Answers :somatotopic
organization of somatosensory & motor cortical areas
According to Donder's Subtractive Theory, which of the following experimental
conditions produces the longest reaction time? - Answers :choice reaction time tests
,If multiple sensory inputs are processed simultaneously, they are said to be processed
in _____. - Answers :parallel
Kinesthesia refers to _____. - Answers :sensation of joint motion
_____ provide efferent innervation of the muscle spindle. - Answers :gamma-
motorneurons
Whereas a _____ loop system utilizes peripheral information/feedback in the generation
of appropriate motor responses, an _____ loop system is preprogrammed in nature. -
Answers :closed; open
Which of the following is an example of an open loop system? - Answers :anticipatory
postural adjustments (preprogrammed)
Which of the following involves the highest level of processing by the CNS? - Answers
:long-latency stretch reflex
An occupational therapist finds that practicing activities of daily living in the clinical
setting transfers to improved efficiency in these same tasks in the patient's home. This
is an example of _____. - Answers :near transfer
During which stage of motor learning would we expect to see improvements in
movement consistency? - Answers :motor stage
A motor learning researcher has subjects perform practice trials of a single task for a
period of 10 minutes, followed by a 10 minute rest period, followed by another 10
minutes of practice trials. This is an example of _____ practice. - Answers :distributed
All of the following are examples of process measures used to assess motor learning
except _____. - Answers :accuracy
A motor learning researcher has subjects perform 10 practice trials during which the
task being practiced alternates continuously from Task 1 to Task 2. This is an example
of _____ practice. - Answers :random
A motor learning researcher is interested in determining the optimal practice methods
for improving transfer of learning. If the transfer test involves an isometric quadriceps
contraction to 50% max, which of the following practice scenarios would result in the
greatest performance on the transfer test? - Answers :50 trials of isometric quadriceps
contraction to 20, 40, 60, 80% max (200 total trials)
A physical therapist has a stroke patient perform 12 trials of task during which the
patient is required to pick up an object. The therapist continuously changes the
, characteristics of the object being grasped (weight, width, etc.). This is an example of
_____ practice. - Answers :varied
A motor learning researcher is interested in evaluating the effects of variable vs.
continuous practice on motor skill acquisition. Subjects practice a joint position
reproduction task that involves reproducing an angle of 35 degrees of knee flexion. If
she assesses the extent of learning following the acquisition phase, which of the
following should she use at the retention test? - Answers :reproducing 35 degrees of
knee flexion
The persistence of task performance following the absence of practice refers to _____. -
Answers :retention
Efferent innervation of the muscle spindle is provided by the - Answers :y-motorneuron
whereas a ----- loop system utilizes peripheral information/feedback in the refinement of
neuromuscular responses, a ----- loop system is preprogrammed in nature - Answers
:closed, open
ensemble coding refers to - Answers :intefration of multiple sensory inputs into a single
stream
----- provide thehe most direct indication of propriception - Answers :type 1a afferents
which of the following involves the highest level of processing by the CNS - Answers
:long latency stretch reflex
which of the following is an example of an open loop system - Answers :anticipatory
postural adjustments
which of the following is an example of an closed loop system - Answers :autogenic
inhibition
tendon vibration - Answers :degrades joint position sense by over stimulating the type -
1a afferent
which of the following muscles would turn on first burin a shoulder flexion task
performed while standing - Answers :soleus
an elbow flexion task is completed over a 100ms interval during which the biceps brachii
is active for 25 ms. If the overall duration of the activity is increased by 300ms, for how
long would we expect the biceps brachii to be active? - Answers :75ms
- Answers :25N
The central pattern generator for gait is located in - Answers :spinal cord
The _____ area of the cerebral cortex is responsible for integration & interpretation of
information from the peripheral receptors. - Answers :somatosensory association
The precentral gyrus is composed of the _____, while the postcentral gyrus is
composed of the _____. - Answers :primary motor area; somatosensory area
The area of the somatosensory cortex representing the fingers is relatively _____, that
of the toes is relatively _____. - Answers :large; small
The majority of neural tracts are transferred to the opposite of the CNS (decussation)
near the _____. - Answers :medulla oblongata
The cerebellum has outputs to all of the following except _____. - Answers :alpha-
motorneurons
Neurons which transmit information toward the central nervous system are _____. -
Answers :afferent
The neurotransmitter associated with skeletal muscle depolarization is _____. -
Answers :acetylcholine
Depletion of _____ is associated with Parkinson's disease. - Answers :dopamine
Input to the soma is achieved via the _____, while output is achieved via that _____. -
Answers :dendrite; axon
When at rest, the intracellular space (inside the membrane) is _____ charged relative to
the extracellular space (outside the membrane). - Answers :negatively
In general, a change in selective membrane permeability to _____ begins the chain
reaction that results in membrane depolarization. - Answers :Na+
The motor units associated with the muscles that control eye movements have a _____
innervation ration, and those of the quadriceps have a _____ inneravation ration. -
Answers :low; high
Which type of muscle fiber is activated initially during muscle contraction? - Answers
:type I
A homunculus best refers to which of the following? - Answers :somatotopic
organization of somatosensory & motor cortical areas
According to Donder's Subtractive Theory, which of the following experimental
conditions produces the longest reaction time? - Answers :choice reaction time tests
,If multiple sensory inputs are processed simultaneously, they are said to be processed
in _____. - Answers :parallel
Kinesthesia refers to _____. - Answers :sensation of joint motion
_____ provide efferent innervation of the muscle spindle. - Answers :gamma-
motorneurons
Whereas a _____ loop system utilizes peripheral information/feedback in the generation
of appropriate motor responses, an _____ loop system is preprogrammed in nature. -
Answers :closed; open
Which of the following is an example of an open loop system? - Answers :anticipatory
postural adjustments (preprogrammed)
Which of the following involves the highest level of processing by the CNS? - Answers
:long-latency stretch reflex
An occupational therapist finds that practicing activities of daily living in the clinical
setting transfers to improved efficiency in these same tasks in the patient's home. This
is an example of _____. - Answers :near transfer
During which stage of motor learning would we expect to see improvements in
movement consistency? - Answers :motor stage
A motor learning researcher has subjects perform practice trials of a single task for a
period of 10 minutes, followed by a 10 minute rest period, followed by another 10
minutes of practice trials. This is an example of _____ practice. - Answers :distributed
All of the following are examples of process measures used to assess motor learning
except _____. - Answers :accuracy
A motor learning researcher has subjects perform 10 practice trials during which the
task being practiced alternates continuously from Task 1 to Task 2. This is an example
of _____ practice. - Answers :random
A motor learning researcher is interested in determining the optimal practice methods
for improving transfer of learning. If the transfer test involves an isometric quadriceps
contraction to 50% max, which of the following practice scenarios would result in the
greatest performance on the transfer test? - Answers :50 trials of isometric quadriceps
contraction to 20, 40, 60, 80% max (200 total trials)
A physical therapist has a stroke patient perform 12 trials of task during which the
patient is required to pick up an object. The therapist continuously changes the
, characteristics of the object being grasped (weight, width, etc.). This is an example of
_____ practice. - Answers :varied
A motor learning researcher is interested in evaluating the effects of variable vs.
continuous practice on motor skill acquisition. Subjects practice a joint position
reproduction task that involves reproducing an angle of 35 degrees of knee flexion. If
she assesses the extent of learning following the acquisition phase, which of the
following should she use at the retention test? - Answers :reproducing 35 degrees of
knee flexion
The persistence of task performance following the absence of practice refers to _____. -
Answers :retention
Efferent innervation of the muscle spindle is provided by the - Answers :y-motorneuron
whereas a ----- loop system utilizes peripheral information/feedback in the refinement of
neuromuscular responses, a ----- loop system is preprogrammed in nature - Answers
:closed, open
ensemble coding refers to - Answers :intefration of multiple sensory inputs into a single
stream
----- provide thehe most direct indication of propriception - Answers :type 1a afferents
which of the following involves the highest level of processing by the CNS - Answers
:long latency stretch reflex
which of the following is an example of an open loop system - Answers :anticipatory
postural adjustments
which of the following is an example of an closed loop system - Answers :autogenic
inhibition
tendon vibration - Answers :degrades joint position sense by over stimulating the type -
1a afferent
which of the following muscles would turn on first burin a shoulder flexion task
performed while standing - Answers :soleus
an elbow flexion task is completed over a 100ms interval during which the biceps brachii
is active for 25 ms. If the overall duration of the activity is increased by 300ms, for how
long would we expect the biceps brachii to be active? - Answers :75ms
- Answers :25N
The central pattern generator for gait is located in - Answers :spinal cord
