NR 302: Final Exam
What is the function of skin? - Protection from the environment, Regulation of body temperature, Regulation
of salt and water balance
Lanugo - fine downy hair of newborn infant
vernix caseosa - cheesy substance covering the skin of the fetus
linea nigra - dark line of pigmentation from the umbilicus extending to the pubic area
Chloasma/Melasma - pregnancy mask
Striae - stretch marks
The Aging Adult and Skin - -skin loses elasticity
-thin, dry
-sweat/oil glands change
Keloid Scar - scar that turns raised, dark, purplish, pulls together, painful
Alopecia - hair loss
hirsutism - hair where it doesn't belong
Pruritis - itching
Albinism - Absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes
Vitiligo - loss of pigment in areas of the skin
,ABCDE - asymmetry, border, color, diameter, evolution or elevation
malignant melanoma - most deadly form of skin cancer
pallor - paleness caused by loss of red-pink tones by oxygenated hemoglobin in blood
Where to check for pallor? - mucus membranes, conjunctiva, nail beds
Erythema - redness of the skin
Cyanosis - bluish discoloration of the skin caused by not enough oxygenated blood flow. Seen in lips, nose,
ears, cheeks
Jaundice - yellowing of the skin and in sclera of eye
Diaphoresis - profuse sweating
Dehydration - not enough fluid
How to check for dehydration? - - check for tenting in the skin for skin turgor
Tenting - Slow return of the skin to its normal position after being pinched, a sign of either dehydration or
aging, or both
Skin turgor - Measure of hydration, which tests how quickly the skin returns to its normal position after being
pinched
Best place to test for tenting? - clavicle
Primary Lesion - lesions arising from previously normal skin
, ex: chicken pox or pimple
Secondary Lesion - skin lesion that evolves from a primary lesion or that is caused by external forces, such as
infection, scratching, trauma, or the healing process
Head lice (pediculosis) - looks like dandruff, but if you tap the white spots they do not fall off. These are nits
Schamroth test - put 2 fingers together, see if you can see any light come through. If you can't you have
clubbing.
Clubbing of Nails - finding in the nails that indicates chronic hypoxia >6 months
Splinter hemorrhages - can be a sign of endocarditis, result of strep throat
Spooning in Nails - iron deficiency
Capillary Refill Test - Pressure is applied to the nail bed until it turns white, this indicates that the blood has
been forced from the tissue (called blanching) and once the tissue has blanched, pressure is removed. While
the patient holds their hand above their heart, the health care provider measures the time it takes for blood
to return to the tissue. Return of blood is indicated by the nail turning back to a pink color. Should be less than
3 seconds
Mongolian Spots - bluish purple spots of hyperpigmentation
Cafe au lait spots - Birth marks
Linear Lesion - a scratch, streak, line, or stripe
Zosteriform lesion - linear arrangement along a unilateral nerve route (herpes zoster)
Macule Lesion - flat lesion measuring less than 1 cm in diameter EX. freckles, petechiae, measles
What is the function of skin? - Protection from the environment, Regulation of body temperature, Regulation
of salt and water balance
Lanugo - fine downy hair of newborn infant
vernix caseosa - cheesy substance covering the skin of the fetus
linea nigra - dark line of pigmentation from the umbilicus extending to the pubic area
Chloasma/Melasma - pregnancy mask
Striae - stretch marks
The Aging Adult and Skin - -skin loses elasticity
-thin, dry
-sweat/oil glands change
Keloid Scar - scar that turns raised, dark, purplish, pulls together, painful
Alopecia - hair loss
hirsutism - hair where it doesn't belong
Pruritis - itching
Albinism - Absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes
Vitiligo - loss of pigment in areas of the skin
,ABCDE - asymmetry, border, color, diameter, evolution or elevation
malignant melanoma - most deadly form of skin cancer
pallor - paleness caused by loss of red-pink tones by oxygenated hemoglobin in blood
Where to check for pallor? - mucus membranes, conjunctiva, nail beds
Erythema - redness of the skin
Cyanosis - bluish discoloration of the skin caused by not enough oxygenated blood flow. Seen in lips, nose,
ears, cheeks
Jaundice - yellowing of the skin and in sclera of eye
Diaphoresis - profuse sweating
Dehydration - not enough fluid
How to check for dehydration? - - check for tenting in the skin for skin turgor
Tenting - Slow return of the skin to its normal position after being pinched, a sign of either dehydration or
aging, or both
Skin turgor - Measure of hydration, which tests how quickly the skin returns to its normal position after being
pinched
Best place to test for tenting? - clavicle
Primary Lesion - lesions arising from previously normal skin
, ex: chicken pox or pimple
Secondary Lesion - skin lesion that evolves from a primary lesion or that is caused by external forces, such as
infection, scratching, trauma, or the healing process
Head lice (pediculosis) - looks like dandruff, but if you tap the white spots they do not fall off. These are nits
Schamroth test - put 2 fingers together, see if you can see any light come through. If you can't you have
clubbing.
Clubbing of Nails - finding in the nails that indicates chronic hypoxia >6 months
Splinter hemorrhages - can be a sign of endocarditis, result of strep throat
Spooning in Nails - iron deficiency
Capillary Refill Test - Pressure is applied to the nail bed until it turns white, this indicates that the blood has
been forced from the tissue (called blanching) and once the tissue has blanched, pressure is removed. While
the patient holds their hand above their heart, the health care provider measures the time it takes for blood
to return to the tissue. Return of blood is indicated by the nail turning back to a pink color. Should be less than
3 seconds
Mongolian Spots - bluish purple spots of hyperpigmentation
Cafe au lait spots - Birth marks
Linear Lesion - a scratch, streak, line, or stripe
Zosteriform lesion - linear arrangement along a unilateral nerve route (herpes zoster)
Macule Lesion - flat lesion measuring less than 1 cm in diameter EX. freckles, petechiae, measles
