HESI RADIOGRAPHY PRACTICE EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES || 100% GUARANTEED PASS RECENT VERSION

HESI RADIOGRAPHY PRACTICE EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES || 100% GUARANTEED PASS RECENT VERSION 1. Who discovered x-rays? - ANSWER Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen 2. What are 9 characteristics of x-rays? - ANSWER 1. the ability to penetrate opaque substances the ability to affect silver halide salts on films in the same manner as light does the ability to stimulate or destroy tissue by ionization they travel at a constant speed, the speed of light they cause fluorescence they are high energy waves they travel as electromagnetic waves or energy they have no mass they travel in a straight line and are invisible 3. What is panoramic radiography? - ANSWER a technique that produces a single extra oral film showing the patient's complete upper and lower jaws. 4. What causes foreshortening? - ANSWER cone angulation that is too vertical 5. What causes elongation? - ANSWER cone angulation with too little vertical 6. What causes overlapping? - ANSWER improper horizontal angulation. In a dental x-ray film, when the central ray is not directed through the contact points and is not parallel to the inter proximal surfaces will occur 7. What causes cone cutting? - ANSWER if the central ray is not directed at the center of the film 8. What is the purpose of the raised dot on the x-ray film? - ANSWER Makes it possible to tell right from left when mounting x-ray films 9. Name 9 cell types in order of their radio sensitivity - ANSWER 1. early embryo cells 2. genetic cells 3. blood cells 4. epithelial cells 5. connective tissue cells 6. tubular cells of the kidneys 7. bone cells 8. nerve cells (brain cells) 9. muscle cells 10. In what position is the patient's head placed for x-ray films of the maxillary teeth for bite-wing exposures? - ANSWER The patient's head should be positioned so that the occlusal plane is parallel to the floor, and the midsagittal plane of the head is perpendicular to the floor 11. What is the ala-tragus line? - ANSWER a line of the tragus of the ear to the ala of the nose 12. Explain the bisecting-the-angle x-ray technique - ANSWER the central ray is directed perpendicular to an imaginary line that bisects the plane of the film and the long axis of the tooth. The film is placed against the anatomic structures and the teeth. The target-film distance is 8 inches 13. What are occlusal views? - ANSWER intraoral radiographs taken with the film placed in the occlusal plane 14. What is a lateral jaw radiograph? - ANSWER an extraoral film exposure that shows either the right or left side of the maxillae in profile 15. What would it be necessary to x-ray an edentulous patient? - ANSWER To rule out the possibility of impacted teeth, retained roots, cysts, and other pathologic conditions present within the bone 16. How is the vertical angulation adjusted when x-raying edentulous patients or children? - ANSWER the vertical angulation is increased 5 to 10 degrees 17. What is the purpose of the developer? - ANSWER The developing solution affects only those silver grains that have been exposed to the x-rays. It reduces these grains by taking out the halide element and leaving only the metallic silver. The latent image becomes a real image at this time 18. What are 7 factors that are always involved in the taking of a radiograph of diagnostic quality? - ANSWER 1. Position of patient's head 2. Placement of film 3. Milliamperage and voltage 4. target-film distance 5. angulation of the cone 6. time of exposure 7. processing of film 19. What is the purpose of the fixer? - ANSWER dissolves the highly insoluble silver halide salts remaining in the emulsion, thereby clearing the image brought out by the developer 20. What is the purpose of a safelight? - ANSWER Used for illumination in the darkroom during film processing 21. List 2 types of safelight filters used in the darkroom - ANSWER Wratten 6B which gives an orange-red light, and the Morelight filter ML-2, which has a brighter orange light 22. What type of safelight can be used for all films - ANSWER Wratten 6B 23. What is ionization? - ANSWER The production of ions by the removal of electrons from the atoms of the matter that is struck by the x-rays 24. When does ionization occur? - ANSWER whenever x-rays penetrate matter 25. What is an electric current? - ANSWER the flow of electrons from one point to another or through a conductor 26. What is an electric current measured in? - ANSWER amperes 27. What is a direct current? - ANSWER current flowing in one direction, that is, from positive and negative. Direct current can be interrupted at certain set intervals 28. What is kilovoltage usually designated as? - ANSWER Kilovoltage peak (kVp) 29. What is kilovoltage? - ANSWER the measure of the force between the negative cathode and the positive anode and controls the energy of the electrons striking the tungsten target. 30. What does kilovoltage control? - ANSWER the penetrating ability of the x-rays 31. What is milliamperage? - ANSWER the measurement of the quantity or the number of electrons passing from cathode to anode per second. 32. What does milliamperage have to do with the x-ray beams? - ANSWER milliamperage only deals with the strength of the x-ray beams 33. What is the maximum permissible dose for occupationally exposed persons? - ANSWER 5 rems per year (.1 in one week, 3 rem in any 13 week period) 34. What is the maximum permissible dose formula for occupationally exposed persons? - ANSWER MPD=5rem x (N-18) 35. What does the N stand for in the MPD formula? - ANSWER The patients age 36. What does the MPD formula subtract 18 from a person's age? - ANSWER because people 18 years or younger are not supposed to work around x-rays 37. What is erythema? - ANSWER a temporary reddening of the skin 38. What is an erythema dose? - ANSWER the amount of radiation necessary to produce erythema 39. Which procedure is an example of surgical asepsis? A. Clean glove application. B. Hand washing C. Clean gown application D. Surgical hand scrub. - ANSWER D. Surgical hand scrub. Asepsis is the absence of disease-producing (pathogenic) organisms. Surgical asepsis, or sterile technique, includes procedures used to eliminate all microorganisms from an area. Surgical hand scrub, sterile glove application, and sterile gown application are examples of surgical asepsis. 40. A radiographer receives a request for a portable chest x-ray and then performs the x-ray on the incorrect patient. Which legal term best describes the actions of the radiographer? A. Battery B. Negligence C. Assault D. Invasion of privacy - ANSWER A. Battery Battery is defined as touching to which the victim has not consented. Performing a procedure on the wrong patient may constitute grounds for a charge of battery. 41. The radiographer is using automatic brightness control during a fluoroscopy. What change in patient exposure should the radiographer expect as the patient size increases? A. Increase in exposure B. Indeterminant change in exposure. C. No change in exposure D. Reduction in exposure. - ANSWER A. Increase in exposure 42. Where is edge enhancement post processing most helpful in digital radiography? A. Spinal examinations. B. High contrast situations. C. Abdominal soft tissue studies. D. Low contrast situations. - ANSWER D. Low contrast situations. Edge enhancement post processing has been shown in research to be helpful in low contrast situations. 43. On which system does hospital staff input new orders for radiologic examinations? A. Radiology information system. B. Digital imaging and communications system. C. Hospital information system. D. Picture archiving and communication system. - ANSWER C. Hospital information system New orders are entered on the hospital information system.The radiology information system tracks workflow and collects work-related data in the Radiology department only. 44. Which digital post-processing results in a black background surrounding the original collimated edges? A. Shuttering B. beam restriction C. Subtraction D. Collimation - ANSWER A. Shuttering Shuttering is a post exposure processing technique that results in a black background surrounding the original collimated edges. 45. A radiographer has made a good exposure of a lateral lumbar spine, and now must make a lateral spot L5S1 image using a 6€� x 6€� field. What parameter change is needed if manual exposure control is being used? A. No change B. 15% increase in kVp C. Double the mAs D. 15% reduction in kVp - ANSWER C. Double the mAs Using manual exposure control, double the mAs will be needed to offset the loss of density due to loss of scatter density with the smaller field. 46. Which conditions will require an increase in technical factors when performing a KUB? 1. Ascites. 2. Diabetes. 3. Bowel Gas. 4. Pneumonia. 5. Soft tissue masses. A. 2, 4 B. 3, 5 C. 1, 5 D. 1, 2, 5 - ANSWER C. 1, 5