TEST BANK FOR COGNITION: EXPLORING THE SCIENCE OF THE
MIND, 8TH EDITION BY DANIEL REISBERG|ACCURATELY
ANSWERED
CHAPTER 1
1.Cognition - ANSWER What you know, remember, and think
2.Cognitive Revolution (1960s) - ANSWER mental world cannot be studied directly, but must be
studied to understand behavior
3.Edward Titchener and Wilhelm Wundt - ANSWER began experimental psychology in late
1800s- introspection studies
4.Amnesia - ANSWER Loss of memory due to brain damage
5.Introspection - ANSWER Looking within. Had people study and record their own conscious
thoughts
- cannot be tested
6.Behaviourism - ANSWER A theoretical orientation based on the premise that scientific
psychology should study only observable behavior. Main contribution was how behaviors
change in response to stimuli
7.Trascendental method - ANSWER Immanuel Kant's method in which scientists begin with the
observable facts and work backward from the observations.
8.Response time - ANSWER How long one takes to make a particular response
,9.Ulric Neisser - ANSWER -father of cognitive psychology
-use behavior to make inferences about mental states and processes
-computer metaphor and information processing approach
-Wrote Cognitive Psychology in 1967
10.Edward Tulman - ANSWER rat maze experiment- demonstrated that learning could occur
without changes in behavior
11.Mary Whiton Calkins - ANSWER American psychologist who discovered the recency effect.
first woman president of the American Psychological Association. Published 4 books and 100+
research articles, PhD from Harvard
12.Gestalt Psychology - ANSWER a psychological approach that emphasizes that we often
perceive the whole rather than the sum of the parts. Perception shapes our experience through
top down processing
13.Cognitive Neuroscience - ANSWER A field that attempts to understand humans' mental
functioning through close study of the brain and nervous system
14.Clinical neuropsychology - ANSWER The study of brain function that uses cases in which
damage or illness has disrupted the working of some brain structure as its main data source
(e.g. Patient HM)
15.neuroimaging techniques - ANSWER Neurological tests that provide images of brain
structure or activity, such as CT scans, PET scans, and MRIs. Also called brain scans.
16.information processing - ANSWER mind is described as processing info through a sequence
of stages
CHAPTER 2
,all-or-none law - ANSWER principle that the action potential in a neuron does not vary in
strength; the neuron either fires at full strength or it does not fire at all
action potential - ANSWER a signal that moves down its axon, which in turn causes the release
of neurotransmitters at the next synapse, potentially causing the next cell to fire.
synapse - ANSWER the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or
cell body of the receiving neuron
presynaptic membrane - ANSWER the specialized membrane on the axon terminal of a nerve
cell that transmits information by releasing neurotransmitter
postsynaptic membrane - ANSWER the cell membrane opposite the terminal button in a
synapse; the membrane of the cell that receives the message
neurotransmitter - ANSWER chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons
axon - ANSWER "output"; the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers,
through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands
dendrites - ANSWER "input"; branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive
information.
glia - ANSWER They help to guide the development of the nervous system in the fetus and
young infant; they support repairs if the nervous system is damaged; they also control the flow
of nutrients to the neurons.
prefrontal - ANSWER causes problems in problems of planning and implementing strategies. In
other cases, patients with damage here show problems in inhibiting their own behaviors, relying
on habit even in situations for which habit is inappropriate.
, aphasia - ANSWER lesions in areas near the lateral fissure can result in disruption to language
capacities
neglect syndrome - ANSWER individual seems to ignore half of the visual world.
agnosias - ANSWER disruptions in the ability to identify familiar objects.
apraxias - ANSWER disturbances in the initiation or organization of voluntary action.
association cortex - ANSWER regions of the cerebral cortex that integrate simpler functions to
perform more complex functions
contralateral control - ANSWER with stimulation to the left hemisphere leading to movements
on the right side of the body, and vice versa.
primary sensory projection areas - ANSWER The main points of arrival in the cortex for
information arriving from the eyes, ears, and other sense organs.
primary motor projection areas - ANSWER departure points for signals leaving the cortex and
controlling muscle movement
localization of function - ANSWER the idea that various brain regions have particular functions
transcranial magnetic stimulation - ANSWER a technique that permits scientists to temporarily
enhance or depress activity in a specific area of the brain
fusiform face area - ANSWER a region in the temporal lobe of the brain that helps us recognize
the people we know
MIND, 8TH EDITION BY DANIEL REISBERG|ACCURATELY
ANSWERED
CHAPTER 1
1.Cognition - ANSWER What you know, remember, and think
2.Cognitive Revolution (1960s) - ANSWER mental world cannot be studied directly, but must be
studied to understand behavior
3.Edward Titchener and Wilhelm Wundt - ANSWER began experimental psychology in late
1800s- introspection studies
4.Amnesia - ANSWER Loss of memory due to brain damage
5.Introspection - ANSWER Looking within. Had people study and record their own conscious
thoughts
- cannot be tested
6.Behaviourism - ANSWER A theoretical orientation based on the premise that scientific
psychology should study only observable behavior. Main contribution was how behaviors
change in response to stimuli
7.Trascendental method - ANSWER Immanuel Kant's method in which scientists begin with the
observable facts and work backward from the observations.
8.Response time - ANSWER How long one takes to make a particular response
,9.Ulric Neisser - ANSWER -father of cognitive psychology
-use behavior to make inferences about mental states and processes
-computer metaphor and information processing approach
-Wrote Cognitive Psychology in 1967
10.Edward Tulman - ANSWER rat maze experiment- demonstrated that learning could occur
without changes in behavior
11.Mary Whiton Calkins - ANSWER American psychologist who discovered the recency effect.
first woman president of the American Psychological Association. Published 4 books and 100+
research articles, PhD from Harvard
12.Gestalt Psychology - ANSWER a psychological approach that emphasizes that we often
perceive the whole rather than the sum of the parts. Perception shapes our experience through
top down processing
13.Cognitive Neuroscience - ANSWER A field that attempts to understand humans' mental
functioning through close study of the brain and nervous system
14.Clinical neuropsychology - ANSWER The study of brain function that uses cases in which
damage or illness has disrupted the working of some brain structure as its main data source
(e.g. Patient HM)
15.neuroimaging techniques - ANSWER Neurological tests that provide images of brain
structure or activity, such as CT scans, PET scans, and MRIs. Also called brain scans.
16.information processing - ANSWER mind is described as processing info through a sequence
of stages
CHAPTER 2
,all-or-none law - ANSWER principle that the action potential in a neuron does not vary in
strength; the neuron either fires at full strength or it does not fire at all
action potential - ANSWER a signal that moves down its axon, which in turn causes the release
of neurotransmitters at the next synapse, potentially causing the next cell to fire.
synapse - ANSWER the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or
cell body of the receiving neuron
presynaptic membrane - ANSWER the specialized membrane on the axon terminal of a nerve
cell that transmits information by releasing neurotransmitter
postsynaptic membrane - ANSWER the cell membrane opposite the terminal button in a
synapse; the membrane of the cell that receives the message
neurotransmitter - ANSWER chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons
axon - ANSWER "output"; the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers,
through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands
dendrites - ANSWER "input"; branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive
information.
glia - ANSWER They help to guide the development of the nervous system in the fetus and
young infant; they support repairs if the nervous system is damaged; they also control the flow
of nutrients to the neurons.
prefrontal - ANSWER causes problems in problems of planning and implementing strategies. In
other cases, patients with damage here show problems in inhibiting their own behaviors, relying
on habit even in situations for which habit is inappropriate.
, aphasia - ANSWER lesions in areas near the lateral fissure can result in disruption to language
capacities
neglect syndrome - ANSWER individual seems to ignore half of the visual world.
agnosias - ANSWER disruptions in the ability to identify familiar objects.
apraxias - ANSWER disturbances in the initiation or organization of voluntary action.
association cortex - ANSWER regions of the cerebral cortex that integrate simpler functions to
perform more complex functions
contralateral control - ANSWER with stimulation to the left hemisphere leading to movements
on the right side of the body, and vice versa.
primary sensory projection areas - ANSWER The main points of arrival in the cortex for
information arriving from the eyes, ears, and other sense organs.
primary motor projection areas - ANSWER departure points for signals leaving the cortex and
controlling muscle movement
localization of function - ANSWER the idea that various brain regions have particular functions
transcranial magnetic stimulation - ANSWER a technique that permits scientists to temporarily
enhance or depress activity in a specific area of the brain
fusiform face area - ANSWER a region in the temporal lobe of the brain that helps us recognize
the people we know
