MCB4271
MCB4271 Final Exam Study Guide
Questions and Answers 2025
Antibiotic resistance occurs naturally, but the _____ of drugs in humans and animals is
accelerating the process. -Correct Answer ✔underuse, use, and overuse
On average, how long does it take for the development of clinical resistance to an
antibiotic? -Correct Answer ✔8 years
Factors contributing to AMR in healthcare include (choose the best answer) -Correct
Answer ✔lack of antibiotics, poor sanitation, inadequate infection controls
The use of antibiotics in farm animals has been ______ in 1951. -Correct Answer
✔approced
What are the reasons that make it difficult to eliminate antibiotics from their use in farm
animals? -Correct Answer ✔loss of profit to animal farming companies, loss of profit to
pharmaceutical companies, easy access to antibiotics
Major host reservoirs that are exposed to antibiotic selective pressure include the
following: -Correct Answer ✔Food animals, pets, and humans
What is the problem associated with the Citrus Greening Disease? -Correct Answer
✔Massive application of clinically-important antibiotics on citrus crops
Johnny developed a MRSA infections when he got injured during his baseball practice.
Johnny got a _____ acquired infection. -Correct Answer ✔community
According to the WHO, antimicrobial resistance is one of the biggest threats to global
health and food security today. -Correct Answer ✔True
Check all the reasons why antibiotics are used in food animals: -Correct Answer
✔Growth promotion (although banned in 2017), infection control
All strains of mold produce penicillin. True/False -Correct Answer ✔False
The structure of beta-lactam antibiotics resemble: -Correct Answer ✔a house
beta-lactam antibiotics are characterized by: -Correct Answer ✔a 4-member ring
containing a nitrogen
MCB4271
, MCB4271
penicillinases are -Correct Answer ✔enzymes that deactivate penicillin
The structure below is D-ala-Dala dipeptide. What is its function? -Correct Answer
✔peptidoglycan terminus
clavams are very potent antibiotics -Correct Answer ✔false
What is this antibiotic (structure covering D-Ala-D-Ala -Correct Answer ✔vancomycin
What is the function of the penicillin binding protein? -Correct Answer ✔to crosslink
peptidoglycan
What is this antibiotic? (5-membered ring containing O and NH. NH2 and double
bonded O form bonds with C in the ring) -Correct Answer ✔Cycloserine
Carbapenems are effective against 98% of bacterial strains isolated from hospitals.
There is a special caution of using this antibiotic to avoid the development of resistance.
-Correct Answer ✔True
Conversion of dihydrofolate back to tetrahydrofolate is essential to keep a constant
supply of which nucleotide? -Correct Answer ✔dTTP
What is the functino of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)? -Correct Answer ✔converts
dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate
Trimethroprim binds to human DHFR -Correct Answer ✔False
Inhibiting DNA synthesis arrests the cell cycle but does not kill cells. Hence,
trimethroprim is classified as a bacteriostatic antibiotic. -Correct Answer ✔True
Sulfanilamide is an antibiotic. -Correct Answer ✔False
Structural differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic machinery involved in the
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology (replication, transcription, translation) allow for the
development of antibiotics that specifically target microbial cells. -Correct Answer ✔True
What is this antibiotic? i cant describe this picture lol -Correct Answer ✔Fluorquinolone
Quinolone antibiotics target DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. These type II
topoisomerases are also found within the human proteome. -Correct Answer ✔False
Which of the following statements is true about rifampin? -Correct Answer ✔It inhibits
bacterial RNA polymerase.
MCB4271
MCB4271 Final Exam Study Guide
Questions and Answers 2025
Antibiotic resistance occurs naturally, but the _____ of drugs in humans and animals is
accelerating the process. -Correct Answer ✔underuse, use, and overuse
On average, how long does it take for the development of clinical resistance to an
antibiotic? -Correct Answer ✔8 years
Factors contributing to AMR in healthcare include (choose the best answer) -Correct
Answer ✔lack of antibiotics, poor sanitation, inadequate infection controls
The use of antibiotics in farm animals has been ______ in 1951. -Correct Answer
✔approced
What are the reasons that make it difficult to eliminate antibiotics from their use in farm
animals? -Correct Answer ✔loss of profit to animal farming companies, loss of profit to
pharmaceutical companies, easy access to antibiotics
Major host reservoirs that are exposed to antibiotic selective pressure include the
following: -Correct Answer ✔Food animals, pets, and humans
What is the problem associated with the Citrus Greening Disease? -Correct Answer
✔Massive application of clinically-important antibiotics on citrus crops
Johnny developed a MRSA infections when he got injured during his baseball practice.
Johnny got a _____ acquired infection. -Correct Answer ✔community
According to the WHO, antimicrobial resistance is one of the biggest threats to global
health and food security today. -Correct Answer ✔True
Check all the reasons why antibiotics are used in food animals: -Correct Answer
✔Growth promotion (although banned in 2017), infection control
All strains of mold produce penicillin. True/False -Correct Answer ✔False
The structure of beta-lactam antibiotics resemble: -Correct Answer ✔a house
beta-lactam antibiotics are characterized by: -Correct Answer ✔a 4-member ring
containing a nitrogen
MCB4271
, MCB4271
penicillinases are -Correct Answer ✔enzymes that deactivate penicillin
The structure below is D-ala-Dala dipeptide. What is its function? -Correct Answer
✔peptidoglycan terminus
clavams are very potent antibiotics -Correct Answer ✔false
What is this antibiotic (structure covering D-Ala-D-Ala -Correct Answer ✔vancomycin
What is the function of the penicillin binding protein? -Correct Answer ✔to crosslink
peptidoglycan
What is this antibiotic? (5-membered ring containing O and NH. NH2 and double
bonded O form bonds with C in the ring) -Correct Answer ✔Cycloserine
Carbapenems are effective against 98% of bacterial strains isolated from hospitals.
There is a special caution of using this antibiotic to avoid the development of resistance.
-Correct Answer ✔True
Conversion of dihydrofolate back to tetrahydrofolate is essential to keep a constant
supply of which nucleotide? -Correct Answer ✔dTTP
What is the functino of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)? -Correct Answer ✔converts
dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate
Trimethroprim binds to human DHFR -Correct Answer ✔False
Inhibiting DNA synthesis arrests the cell cycle but does not kill cells. Hence,
trimethroprim is classified as a bacteriostatic antibiotic. -Correct Answer ✔True
Sulfanilamide is an antibiotic. -Correct Answer ✔False
Structural differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic machinery involved in the
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology (replication, transcription, translation) allow for the
development of antibiotics that specifically target microbial cells. -Correct Answer ✔True
What is this antibiotic? i cant describe this picture lol -Correct Answer ✔Fluorquinolone
Quinolone antibiotics target DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. These type II
topoisomerases are also found within the human proteome. -Correct Answer ✔False
Which of the following statements is true about rifampin? -Correct Answer ✔It inhibits
bacterial RNA polymerase.
MCB4271
