DTC 202 Final Exam Questions and answers Newest Rated A+ 2025/2026

DTC 202 Final Exam Questions and answers Newest
Rated A+ 2025/2026
water- intercellular - Correct Answers Water is located either within the cell (intracellular).
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Intracellular water is dependent on potassium and phosphate. 2/3 of body water.
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Il` water -Extracellular - Correct Answers Extracellular water is outside the cell. Extracellular water
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Il` can either reside between cells (interstitial fluid) or it can be in intravascular or in the
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Il` bloodstream. Depends on sodium concentrations. 1/3 of body water Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




Il` Electrolyte - Correct Answers Compounds that separate into ions in water and are thus able to
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Il` conduct an electrical current. These include sodium, chloride and potassium.
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Il` Water balance is dependent on electrolytes.
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Cations (+): Na+ outside cell, K+ inside cell, Mg+ inside cell
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Anions (-): Cl- outside cell, Phosphate (HPO4=) inside cell, S- inside cell
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The principal electrolytes in body fluids are sodium, chloride, phosphorus and potassium. Each is
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maintained at a constant concentration by means of renal (kidney) excretion. The electrolytes are
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involved in maintaining water and acid-base balance. Fluid and electrolyte imbalances can
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become medical emergencies. Sodium is abundant in the diet, as part of salt. Deficiencies are rare
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except in dehydration.
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Il` Osmosis - Correct Answers Movement of water from a less concentrated to a more
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Il` concentrated solution Il` Il`




The flow of water across a membrane toward an area of solute concentration (water flows to
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solute to dilute solute). Flow creates pressure "osmotic pressure"
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Il` Osmotic pressure - Correct Answers amt of force to prevent the movement of water across a
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Il` membrane

,Il` Water functions - Correct Answers carries nutrients and waste products, maintains the
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Il` structure of large molecules such as proteins and glycogen, participates in metabolic reactions,
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Il` serves as the solvent for minerals, vitamins, amino acids, glucose, and other small molecules. Acts
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Il` as a lubricant and cushion around joins and inside the eyes, spinal cord, and amniotic sac. Aids in
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Il` regulation of body temperature, maintains blood volume. Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




Il` water loss - Correct Answers obligatory water excretion min of 500 millilters or 2 cups. Urine,
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Il` lungs as vapor, skin as sweat, some in feces. Amt depends on heat, humidity, physical conditions.
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Il` Total loss about 2500 millilters
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Il` water sources - Correct Answers water, beverages, foods like fruits and vegetables, meats and
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Il` cheeses



Il` metabolic water - Correct Answers -water produced as a result of the oxidation of energyIl` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




Il` nutrients

Is the generated as an end product during condensation reactions and the oxidation of energy-
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yielding nutrients. When foods break down carbons & hydrogen combine with oxygen to yield
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carbon dioxide and water.
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Il` water- hormones - Correct Answers kidney control bodies water content by way of hormone
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Il` ADH. Kidneys regulate the electrolyte content by aldosterone.
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Il` ADH - Correct Answers anti diuretic hormone produces by the pituitary glad in response to
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Il` dehydration or high sodium concentration; stimulates the kidney to reabsorb more water and Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




Il` therefore to excrete less. Il` Il` Il`




Il` aldosterone - Correct Answers a hormone secreted by the adrenal glads the regulates blood Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




Il` pressure by increasing the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys. also regulates chloride and
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Il` potassium

, Il` water fluid balance - Correct Answers maintain balance of 2/3 body fluids inside cells and 1/3
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Il` outside cells. If too much water inside cells might rupture, too little might collapse. To control
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Il` movement of water cells direct movement of major minerals. Electrolytes attract water. Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




Il` minerals-major - Correct Answers nutrients that body requires in large amts more that 100mg. Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




Il` Essential mineral Sodium (Na), Chloride (Cl), Potassium (K), Calcium , Phosphorus (P), Magnesium
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Il` (MG), Sulfur (S) Il` Il`




Il` minerals - trace - Correct Answers essential nutrients required in small amts. less than 100mg
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Il` sodium - functions - Correct Answers principal cation of extracellular fluid and primary regulator
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Il` of its volume. helps maintain acid-base balance essential to nerve impulse transmission and
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Il` muscle contraction. Il`




Il` sodium- kidney regulation - Correct Answers kidneys filter sodium out of blood and then returns
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Il` it to the blood with the exact amt needed.
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Il` sodium- recommendation intake - Correct Answers 1500 mg 19-50 yrs, 1300 mg 51-70 yrs, 1200
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Il` mg +70 yrs Il` Il`




Upper level is set 2300 mg average for adults in US 3400 mg.
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High sodium intake correlate wit high blood pressure,
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Il` sodium- food high in - Correct Answers Processed foods are highest in sodium.
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Il` sodium- primary deficency - Correct Answers deficiency unlikely because even when intakes are
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Il` low, body conserves it and losses less thur sweat and urine.
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Il` sodium - secondary deficiency - Correct Answers blood sodium may drop with vomiting,
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Il` diarrhea, heavy sweating Il` Il`