NUTR 430 Community Needs Assessment 2025

Describe the concept of community needs assessment - -Evaluates health and nutrition status of community- collect data Identify community resources and community's capacity to promote public's health Consider community's wants Purpose of conducting community needs assessment. - -Identify problem so can come up with relevant solutions Identify circumstances that would prompt/trigger a community needs assessment. - Community understanding Generate new data Validate research Obtain funding Describe the process (steps) involved in conducting a community needs assessment. - Define the purpose of the assessment as it relates to a nutrition problem - is the purpose to identify a nutrition problem? Confirm nutrition problem? Identify reasons for the problem? Determine existing resources in community that can meet nutrition needs? Characterize problem in subgroup? What are the parameters of the assessment- define the community and the target population Collect data about the community - depends on goals and objectives Differentiate between a goal and an objective for community assessment. - -Goal- broad statements of what you want the community needs assessment to accomplish Objective- Steps/ activities needed to achieve the goal Write a goal and/or objective for community assessment for given scenario. - -Goals of assessment- determine how much water TAMU students are consuming Objective- plan a survey to determine how much water is consumed by random volunteers Describe sources of data commonly used for community needs assessment. ◦ - -Name specific types of data (Tables 2-2, 2-3, 2-4, 2-5). Existing data uses existing statistical data NURS430 NURS430 Screening Health risk appraisals/ assessment Direct nutrition assessment Surveys- qualitative or quantitative Interview key informants Focus groups Texas Health Facts Data from local or state health agencies Identify advantages and disadvantages of using existing data for needs assessment. - Advantages: saves time More info, often very detailed May be more representative of a larger population Saves money We can monitor trends- if it has been collected in an ongoing matter Disadvantages: could maybe not be representative of our community Credibility, bias Often data is OLD, takes a while to collect and publish Describe types of data that may identify risk factors for nutrition problems in your community/target population. ◦including the strengths and weaknesses of each. ◦ - -Life style factors factors that affect food selection ( individual, environmental, cultural) Direct nutrition assessment tool A- antrhopometrics B- biochem data C- clinical data D- diet 24-hr recall - -Interviewer asks participant to tell them what they ate in the last 24 hours, after you woke up what was your first meal Advantages: Relatively close in terms of when they did the action Low cost Clarification/ detail since interview Doesn't change usual dietary intake easy for respondent and interviewer doesn't require literacy Disadvantages: some people over represent some foods and under represent, don't know portion sizes If don't have good recall will not be able to give full account For individual one day intake is not sufficient to assess complete nutritional status NURS430 NURS430 Diet record - -Typically around 3-4 days, individual records everything they eat and quantities with descriptions Advantage: more representative of usual dietary intake Write down as soon as they eat, so less risk of memory issues, does not depend on memory Can get more detailed info Disadvantages: Has potential to change what people eat bc they try to seem healthier Requires higher degree of literacy Individual has to do more work Food Frequency Questionnaire - -How often you eat certain foods, some are quantitative, some just ask how frequent Advantages: get genera; idea of someone's dietary pattern Allows for categories Self-administered, can be less expensive Disadvantages: becomes repetitive Questions about seasonality- participant wont always know 12 months is a long time to recall If eat sporadically hard to answer Can be not precise May not represent usual portion sizes or actual nutrient intake Need to have accurate food list for population High cognitive burden Requires literacy Not accurate about specific food or nutrient intake Summarize results and conclusions of Burrows et al. comparing dietary assessment methods to doubly labeled water studies in children. - -This study should give practitioners confidence that parents can provide important information about their toddlers food intake and that fathers in particular can adequately report on their child's diet. Either a parent completed FFQ or WFR can be used to adequately estimate toddler energy intake at the group level. However, if using an FFQ, toddler-specific portion size estimates should be used. Importantly, the DLW method and collection of dietary intake data can be undertaken successfully in toddlers. Although both a semiquantitative FFQ and WFR can adequately estimate toddler energy intake at the group level in this population, toddler-specific portion size estimates should be assigned to foods listed in the FFQ. Choice of method is likely to depend on practical issues, including cost and burden. Define the concept of the "built environment"; - -Environmental structures that encourage or discourage healthy eating and physical activity NURS430 NURS430 Summarize research findings related to (built environments) its impact on health/nutrition status/outcomes. - -Indirect association bt access to green space and 2 year change in BMI among 3-16 year old children Direct association between density of fast-food restaurants and obesity through individual-level factors Describe tools for assessing community perception of health/nutrition status. ◦ - -Describe possible disadvantages of each tool. Community meetings Community opinion surveys Key informant surveys Focus groups Disadvantages: trained moderator Scheduling Potential bias Group may not be representative Compare surveys and focus groups. ◦ - -Summarize survey design issues (T