NU 372 Exam 2 Questions With Complete
Solutions
Acquired immunity (Adaptive) Correct Answers -
Gained after birth. *Specific* response against a
foreign antigen.
-Result of *prior exposure* to an antigen
-Active or passive
Active: exposure through disease or vaccination.
Antibodies produced in own body (example:
immunizations, common cold). Lasts many years;
may last a lifetime
Active immunity Correct Answers -exposure
through *disease or vaccination*
-Antibodies produced in own body (example:
*immunizations, common cold*)
-Lasts *many years*; may last a lifetime
*Natural active immunity:* antibodies produced
after recovery from illness
*Artificial active immunity*: antibodies produced as
a result of vaccination
Antipyretics (Acetaminophen, ibuprofen, aspirin,
NSAIDs) Correct Answers -Reduce fever by
*inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis and cause a
decrease in the body's temperature* set point
-*Aspirin is no longer recommended for children*
because of its association with *Reye syndrome*, a
,condition that involves *cerebral encephalopathy
and organ injury*.
Antiretroviral therapy: ART Correct Answers -Goal
is to suppress HIV replication, decrease symptoms,
prolong life, prophylaxis for opportunistic
infections, stimulate hematopoietic response, to
treat opportunistic infections and malignancies,
prevent HIV transmission
-*Reverse-Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs/NARTIs)
(Zidovudine)*: bone marrow suppression,
hepatomegaly, N/V/D
-*Nonucleoside Reverse-Transcriptase Inhibitors
(NNRTIs) (Delavirdine)*: Flu like symptoms, CNS
manifestations
-*Protease Inhibitors (Pis) (Ritronavir)*:
osteoporosis, hyperglycemia, elevated serum lipids
-*Entry Inhibitors (Eis) (Enfuviritide)*: Bacterial
PNA, Rash, Hypotension
-Patients undergoing retroviral therapy are *still
infectious*. Patient teaching should include
*measures to prevent transmission*.
-Patients must be educated to *take all their
medications as prescribed*
Belimumab (Benlysta) Correct Answers -
Immunosuppressant used to treat SLE
,-*Side Effects*: sore throat, cough, pain at injection
site, headaches, insomnia, leukopenia
-*Nursing considerations*: patient should not
receive live virus vaccines, monitor for
hypersensitivity reactions, monitor for S/S of
infection, monitor for depression/suicidal ideation
Blood Transfusion Reaction (Type II) Correct
Answers *Febrile*: Often occurs after multiple
blood transfusions, most common
-Fever (100.8), headache, flushing, anxiety
-*Interventions*: Administer antipyretic; administer
antipyretic prior to administration;
Diphenhydramine may also be used
*Hemolytic*: Refers to an immune response
against transfused blood cells. Antigens, on the
surface of red blood cells, are recognized as
"foreign proteins" and can stimulate B lymphocytes
to produce antibodies to the red blood cell
antigens.
-Due to mistyping
-*Flank Pain* (hemolysis in kidneys),
*hemoglobinuria* (dark urine/purple), *jaundice*
(extracellular hemolysis)
*Allergic/Anaphylactic*: due to plasma proteins in
blood; Treat as anaphylaxis
, *Interventions*: *Stop the blood transfusion, start
normal saline infusion*, take vital signs with blood
pressure, Call the MD, obtain blood sample and
urine specimen, and return blood to blood bank.
-*Stay with the pt for first 15 minutes*, most
transfusion reactions happen then! (can be up to
24 hrs!)
Cardiogenic Shock Correct Answers -Hearts
pumping ability is compromised which leads to
*inadequate CO and poor perfusion*
-*Risk Factors*: MI, cardiac arrest, dysrhythmias,
valve problems, cardiomyopathy, electrolyte
imbalances, medications (digoxin), head trauma
-*Nursing*: Identify early! Cardiac monitoring (EKG,
Cardiac Labs), cardiac history review; *For meds*:
monitor VS, Urine Output, Cardiac Rhythm. Follow
Protocols (many drips are weight based)
-*S/S*: Cyanosis and pulmonary edema (dyspnea,
cough, chest pain)
*Manifestations*:
-BP: Hypotension
-Pulse: Rapid, thready; distention of veins of hands
and neck
Solutions
Acquired immunity (Adaptive) Correct Answers -
Gained after birth. *Specific* response against a
foreign antigen.
-Result of *prior exposure* to an antigen
-Active or passive
Active: exposure through disease or vaccination.
Antibodies produced in own body (example:
immunizations, common cold). Lasts many years;
may last a lifetime
Active immunity Correct Answers -exposure
through *disease or vaccination*
-Antibodies produced in own body (example:
*immunizations, common cold*)
-Lasts *many years*; may last a lifetime
*Natural active immunity:* antibodies produced
after recovery from illness
*Artificial active immunity*: antibodies produced as
a result of vaccination
Antipyretics (Acetaminophen, ibuprofen, aspirin,
NSAIDs) Correct Answers -Reduce fever by
*inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis and cause a
decrease in the body's temperature* set point
-*Aspirin is no longer recommended for children*
because of its association with *Reye syndrome*, a
,condition that involves *cerebral encephalopathy
and organ injury*.
Antiretroviral therapy: ART Correct Answers -Goal
is to suppress HIV replication, decrease symptoms,
prolong life, prophylaxis for opportunistic
infections, stimulate hematopoietic response, to
treat opportunistic infections and malignancies,
prevent HIV transmission
-*Reverse-Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs/NARTIs)
(Zidovudine)*: bone marrow suppression,
hepatomegaly, N/V/D
-*Nonucleoside Reverse-Transcriptase Inhibitors
(NNRTIs) (Delavirdine)*: Flu like symptoms, CNS
manifestations
-*Protease Inhibitors (Pis) (Ritronavir)*:
osteoporosis, hyperglycemia, elevated serum lipids
-*Entry Inhibitors (Eis) (Enfuviritide)*: Bacterial
PNA, Rash, Hypotension
-Patients undergoing retroviral therapy are *still
infectious*. Patient teaching should include
*measures to prevent transmission*.
-Patients must be educated to *take all their
medications as prescribed*
Belimumab (Benlysta) Correct Answers -
Immunosuppressant used to treat SLE
,-*Side Effects*: sore throat, cough, pain at injection
site, headaches, insomnia, leukopenia
-*Nursing considerations*: patient should not
receive live virus vaccines, monitor for
hypersensitivity reactions, monitor for S/S of
infection, monitor for depression/suicidal ideation
Blood Transfusion Reaction (Type II) Correct
Answers *Febrile*: Often occurs after multiple
blood transfusions, most common
-Fever (100.8), headache, flushing, anxiety
-*Interventions*: Administer antipyretic; administer
antipyretic prior to administration;
Diphenhydramine may also be used
*Hemolytic*: Refers to an immune response
against transfused blood cells. Antigens, on the
surface of red blood cells, are recognized as
"foreign proteins" and can stimulate B lymphocytes
to produce antibodies to the red blood cell
antigens.
-Due to mistyping
-*Flank Pain* (hemolysis in kidneys),
*hemoglobinuria* (dark urine/purple), *jaundice*
(extracellular hemolysis)
*Allergic/Anaphylactic*: due to plasma proteins in
blood; Treat as anaphylaxis
, *Interventions*: *Stop the blood transfusion, start
normal saline infusion*, take vital signs with blood
pressure, Call the MD, obtain blood sample and
urine specimen, and return blood to blood bank.
-*Stay with the pt for first 15 minutes*, most
transfusion reactions happen then! (can be up to
24 hrs!)
Cardiogenic Shock Correct Answers -Hearts
pumping ability is compromised which leads to
*inadequate CO and poor perfusion*
-*Risk Factors*: MI, cardiac arrest, dysrhythmias,
valve problems, cardiomyopathy, electrolyte
imbalances, medications (digoxin), head trauma
-*Nursing*: Identify early! Cardiac monitoring (EKG,
Cardiac Labs), cardiac history review; *For meds*:
monitor VS, Urine Output, Cardiac Rhythm. Follow
Protocols (many drips are weight based)
-*S/S*: Cyanosis and pulmonary edema (dyspnea,
cough, chest pain)
*Manifestations*:
-BP: Hypotension
-Pulse: Rapid, thready; distention of veins of hands
and neck
