N244 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025
Steps to Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Ask a well-built
clinical question (a PICO(t))
2. Search to find the research/evidence
3. Appraise the evidence
4. Integrate findings into your practice
5. Evaluate practice changes and patient outcomes
6. Disseminate findings
ASAIED
Apples So Aren't Into Eating Doctors
Components of a PICO(T) question - CORRECT ANSWER--P: patient, problem, or
population
-I: intervention
-C: comparison or control
-O: outcome
-(T): time (this one is optional)
Evidence heirarchy and name the levels - CORRECT ANSWER-puts types of evidence
on levels from most reliable to least reliable
1: systematic reviews, meta-analysis, or EBP guidelines
2: randomized controlled trials
3: controlled trials without randomization
4: cohort studies or case-control studies
5: evidence from systematic reviews of descriptive or qualitative studies
6: evidence from single descriptive or qualitative studies
7: evidence from the opinion of Authorities and/or reports of Expert Committees
*note that it is not always necessary to have evidence from the top of the hierarchy
because not all PICO questions can be answered with systematic reviews which is level
1
Intervention/therapy PICO question - CORRECT ANSWER-aims to ask if one
intervention is better than another
Diagnosis or diagnostic test PICO question - CORRECT ANSWER-aims to ask how
accurate a diagnostic test is
, prognosis/prediction PICO question - CORRECT ANSWER-aims to ask what the likely
outcome, progression, or surival time for this condition is
causation/harm/etiology PICO question - CORRECT ANSWER-aims to ask what are
the causes of this condition or state of affairs
cost effectiveness PICO question - CORRECT ANSWER-aims to ask if the intervention
is more cost effective than the alternative
quality of life PICO quiestion - CORRECT ANSWER-aims to ask what the quality of life
will be for the patient following this intervention
meaning PICO question - CORRECT ANSWER-aims to ask how people with a
particular illness perceive aspects of their health
What type of PICO question is this?
Do adults who drink alcohol fewer than 2 hours before bed compared to those that
don't, have poorer sleep quality? - CORRECT ANSWER-causation/harm/etiology
What type of PICO is this?
In children aged 5 and older, how does being born premature vs at term correlate with
childhood learning disabilites? - CORRECT ANSWER-prognosis/prediction
what type of PICO is this?
In pregnant women, is a self-report survey about intimate partner violence more
accurate than a NP interview in identifying risk of violence during pregnancy? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Diagnosis or diagnostic test
What type of PICO is this?
In women giving birth, does having their physicians wash their hands with chlorine vs
not washing their hands? - CORRECT ANSWER-Intervention/therapy
define a Case report/case series.
also identify which level of the evidence hierarchy it falls under? - CORRECT ANSWER-
a case report or a case series that is useful for the study of rare diseases, disorders, or
Steps to Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Ask a well-built
clinical question (a PICO(t))
2. Search to find the research/evidence
3. Appraise the evidence
4. Integrate findings into your practice
5. Evaluate practice changes and patient outcomes
6. Disseminate findings
ASAIED
Apples So Aren't Into Eating Doctors
Components of a PICO(T) question - CORRECT ANSWER--P: patient, problem, or
population
-I: intervention
-C: comparison or control
-O: outcome
-(T): time (this one is optional)
Evidence heirarchy and name the levels - CORRECT ANSWER-puts types of evidence
on levels from most reliable to least reliable
1: systematic reviews, meta-analysis, or EBP guidelines
2: randomized controlled trials
3: controlled trials without randomization
4: cohort studies or case-control studies
5: evidence from systematic reviews of descriptive or qualitative studies
6: evidence from single descriptive or qualitative studies
7: evidence from the opinion of Authorities and/or reports of Expert Committees
*note that it is not always necessary to have evidence from the top of the hierarchy
because not all PICO questions can be answered with systematic reviews which is level
1
Intervention/therapy PICO question - CORRECT ANSWER-aims to ask if one
intervention is better than another
Diagnosis or diagnostic test PICO question - CORRECT ANSWER-aims to ask how
accurate a diagnostic test is
, prognosis/prediction PICO question - CORRECT ANSWER-aims to ask what the likely
outcome, progression, or surival time for this condition is
causation/harm/etiology PICO question - CORRECT ANSWER-aims to ask what are
the causes of this condition or state of affairs
cost effectiveness PICO question - CORRECT ANSWER-aims to ask if the intervention
is more cost effective than the alternative
quality of life PICO quiestion - CORRECT ANSWER-aims to ask what the quality of life
will be for the patient following this intervention
meaning PICO question - CORRECT ANSWER-aims to ask how people with a
particular illness perceive aspects of their health
What type of PICO question is this?
Do adults who drink alcohol fewer than 2 hours before bed compared to those that
don't, have poorer sleep quality? - CORRECT ANSWER-causation/harm/etiology
What type of PICO is this?
In children aged 5 and older, how does being born premature vs at term correlate with
childhood learning disabilites? - CORRECT ANSWER-prognosis/prediction
what type of PICO is this?
In pregnant women, is a self-report survey about intimate partner violence more
accurate than a NP interview in identifying risk of violence during pregnancy? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Diagnosis or diagnostic test
What type of PICO is this?
In women giving birth, does having their physicians wash their hands with chlorine vs
not washing their hands? - CORRECT ANSWER-Intervention/therapy
define a Case report/case series.
also identify which level of the evidence hierarchy it falls under? - CORRECT ANSWER-
a case report or a case series that is useful for the study of rare diseases, disorders, or
