infection
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presence & multiplication of a living organism on or in the host (a
pathogen)
,2nd way step 1 can occur
(mast cell degranulation)
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a) here and there throughout any tissue area in the body are a specialized
type of cell called mast cells
b) when they are stimulated by an irritant/injury they will degranulate - that
is "leak" chemical "granules"
c) there are local inflammatory mediators called histamines, leukotrienes
and prostaglandins (HLP)
B-lymphocytes (b-cells)
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defend by a more complicated method
autoimmune hemolytic anemia
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a trigger such as a drug causes autoantibodies to attack RBCs
the result is abnormally high hemolysis (destruction of rbcs) and resultant
low numbers of them (anemia)
humoral immunodeficiency
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lack of or incompetence of B-cells
ex - x linked hypogammaglobulinemia
respiratory system defenses
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viscosity of mucus in nose plus hair traps bacteria (same with wax and hair
in the ears)
cilia of cells in bronchi can "sweep" away foreign bodies
cough reflex - if a foreign body is inhaled & reaches the carina, cough
reflex stimulated
stressors of the eyes
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dry eye syndrome - manufacturing of tears slows down - happens to some
degree to almost everyone as they age
Sjogren's syndrome - autoimmune disease that dries up all lubricating fluids
in the body
causes if chronic inflammation
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, persistant bacterial contamination, foreign objects (splinters) and
autoimmune processes
myastenia gravis
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autoantibody attacks acetylcholine receptors on cells of muscles
this means that acetylcholine would not have enough effective post-
synaptic gap receptor; causes muscle weakness
types of hypersensitiviteis
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1. allergic response - hypersensitivity to a target antigen from the
environment, called allergen
2. alloimmune - hypersensitivity to another persons antigens (the target
antigen), such as when an organ is transplanted
3. autoimmune response - hypersensitivity to self-antigens (the target
antigen) - a reaction of our body to our own antigens
the body's defenses
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an interaction and coordination of responses to stressors
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presence & multiplication of a living organism on or in the host (a
pathogen)
,2nd way step 1 can occur
(mast cell degranulation)
Give this one a try later!
a) here and there throughout any tissue area in the body are a specialized
type of cell called mast cells
b) when they are stimulated by an irritant/injury they will degranulate - that
is "leak" chemical "granules"
c) there are local inflammatory mediators called histamines, leukotrienes
and prostaglandins (HLP)
B-lymphocytes (b-cells)
Give this one a try later!
defend by a more complicated method
autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Give this one a try later!
a trigger such as a drug causes autoantibodies to attack RBCs
the result is abnormally high hemolysis (destruction of rbcs) and resultant
low numbers of them (anemia)
humoral immunodeficiency
,Give this one a try later!
lack of or incompetence of B-cells
ex - x linked hypogammaglobulinemia
respiratory system defenses
Give this one a try later!
viscosity of mucus in nose plus hair traps bacteria (same with wax and hair
in the ears)
cilia of cells in bronchi can "sweep" away foreign bodies
cough reflex - if a foreign body is inhaled & reaches the carina, cough
reflex stimulated
stressors of the eyes
Give this one a try later!
dry eye syndrome - manufacturing of tears slows down - happens to some
degree to almost everyone as they age
Sjogren's syndrome - autoimmune disease that dries up all lubricating fluids
in the body
causes if chronic inflammation
Give this one a try later!
, persistant bacterial contamination, foreign objects (splinters) and
autoimmune processes
myastenia gravis
Give this one a try later!
autoantibody attacks acetylcholine receptors on cells of muscles
this means that acetylcholine would not have enough effective post-
synaptic gap receptor; causes muscle weakness
types of hypersensitiviteis
Give this one a try later!
1. allergic response - hypersensitivity to a target antigen from the
environment, called allergen
2. alloimmune - hypersensitivity to another persons antigens (the target
antigen), such as when an organ is transplanted
3. autoimmune response - hypersensitivity to self-antigens (the target
antigen) - a reaction of our body to our own antigens
the body's defenses
Give this one a try later!
an interaction and coordination of responses to stressors
