Pediatrics HESI 2023 Q&A.

Pediatrics HESI 2023 1. A 5-month-old is admitted to the hospital with vomiting and diarrhea. The pediatrician prescribes dextrose 5% and 0.25% normal saline with 2 mEq KCl/100 ml to be infused at 25 ml/hour. Prior to initiating the infusion, the nurse should obtain which assessment finding? - Serum BUN and creatinine levels. adding potassium = need adequate renal function + urine output 10. An 18-month-old is admitted to the hospital with possible Hirschsprung's disease. When obtaining a nursing history, the nurse asks about bowel habits. What description of the disease? - Ribbon-like and brown. Hirschsprung's is a mechanical obstruction in part of the intestines resulting in inadequate motility. Bile-colored and watery = gastroenteritis Foul-smelling and fatty = cystic fibrosis Semi-solid and yellow= normal in breast fed neonates 11. A 4-year-old girl continues to interrupt her mother during a routine clinic visit. The mother appears irritated with the child and asks the nurse, "Is this normal behavior for a child this age?" The nurse's response should be based on which information? - Children need to retain a sense of initiative without impinging on the rights and privileges of others. -Children aged 3 to 6 are in Erickson's "Initiative vs. Guilt" stage, which is characterized by vigorous, intrusive behavior, enterprise, and strong imagination. At this age, children develop a conscience and must learn to retain a sense of initiative without impinging on the rights of others 12. The nurse is assessing a 2-year-old. What behavior indicates that the child's language development is within normal limits? - Half of child's speech is understandable (15-24 months) by 18 months is capable of making a three word sentence. 3-5 years old is able to name four colors & count five blocks 13. A 2-year-old child with Down syndrome is brought to the clinic for his regular physical examination. The nurse knows which problem is frequently associated with Down syndrome? - Congenital heart disease is the most common defect found in those with DS 14. The nurse is giving preoperative instructions to a 14-year-old female client who is scheduled for surgery to correct a spinal curvature. Which statement by the client best demonstrates that learning has taken place? - I understand that I will be in a body cast and I will show you how you taught me to turn 15. A 3-month-old infant develops oral thrush. Which pharmacologic agent should the nurse plan to administer for treatment of this disorder? - Nystatin (Mycostatin). 16. A full term infant is admitted to the newborn nursery. After careful assessment, the nurse suspects that the infant may have an esophageal atresia. Which symptoms are this newborn likely to exhibit? - Choking, coughing, and cyanosis. 17. The nurse is teaching a 12-year-old male adolescent and his family about taking injections of growth hormone for idiopathic hypopituitarism. Which adverse symptoms, commonly associated with growth hormone therapy, should the nurse plan to describe to the child and his family? - Polyuria and polydipsia growth hormone causes increase in blood sugar *monitor for diabetes 18. As part of the physical assessment of children, the nurse observes and palpates the fontanels. Which child's fontanel finding should be reported to the healthcare provider? - A 6-month-old with failure to thrive that has a closed anterior fontanel. 19. A nurse provides the parents with information on health maintenance for their child with sickle cell disease. Which information reflected by the parents indicates understanding of the child's care? - Plenty of fluids should be consumed daily hydration #1 priority to prevent viscosity of blood; since the sickle cell can impact the spleen, liver, kidney, bones and CNS this can increase the risk for infection w/ decreased or no fu