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What is a photosynthetic autotroph? An organism that makes its own food from inorganic ingredients. What is the fluid inside chloroplasts called? Stroma What are the membranes inside chloroplasts called? inner and outer membranes Write the overall equation for photosynthesis. 6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O2 What is the primary function of pigments in photosynthesis? Name the primary pigment used in photosynthesis. Pigments absorb certain wavelengths. They are the means by which the energy of sunlight is captured for photosynthesis. The primary pigment used in photosynthesis is Chlorophylla-a. Why are leaves green? Their green color is from chlorophyll, a pigment (light- absorbing molecule) in the chloroplasts that plays a central role in converting solar energy to chemical energy. How and where does water enter a plant? Water enters root hair cells by osmosis. How and where does carbon dioxide enter a plant? Carbon Dioxide diffuses through small holes in the underside of leaves, called the stomata. The light reactions take place in three stages. Name the stages and summarize the events of each stage. 1. Photons excite electrons in the chlorophyll of the first photosystem. These photons are then trapped by the primary electron acceptor. This photosystem then replaces the lost electrons by extracting new ones from water. This is the step that releases O2 during photosynthesis. 2. Energized electrons from the first photosystem pass down an electron transport chain to the second photosystem. The chloroplast uses the energy released by this electron "fall" to make ATP. 3. The second photosystem transfers its light-excited electrons to NADP+, reducing it to NADPH. List all products of the light reactions. carbon dioxide, water. Glucose, oxygen The Calvin cycle has three main stages. Name the stages and summarize the events of each stage. "1) Carbon Fixation- The enzyme rubisco combines CO2 with 5-carbon sugar rubulose biphosphate (RuBP). The unstable product formed splits into 2 molecules of 3-carbon 3-phosphoglyceric acid (3-PGA). 2) Reduction- Energy from 6 molecules of ATP is used to oxidize NADPH to NADP+. Six molecules of 3-PGA are reduced, producing six molecules of energy-rich 3-carbon sugar G3P. 3) Release of one molecule of G3P- Five of the previously created G3Ps remain in the cycle, but one molecule is released. 4) Regeneration of RuBP - series of chemical reactions uses energy from ATP to rearrange the atoms of the 5 G3P molecules, (15 total carbons), which forms 3 RuBP molecules (15 total carbons). These will start another turn of the cycle