PSIO 305 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
In the presentation of a case study, I discussed a study that compared swimmers,
runners, cyclists, and triathletes compared to control subjects and showed that what
variable was statistically improved in the group of runners compared with any of the
other groups? - Answers :Increased bone mineral density in the bones of the leg
In the presentation of a case study I showed that changes in the brain leading to
cognitive improvement due to an animal being in a rich stimulating environment or due
to daily exercise routines might be due to which one of the following - Answers
:Increases in brain derived neurotrophic factor
What are fast synapses also referred to as - Answers :Ionotropic synapses
Slow synapses also referred to as - Answers :Metabotropic synapses
Where does the post-synaptic response occur on slow synapses - Answers :Via any
2nd messenger cells signaling pathways
results in longer term changes in cell metabolism, protein synthesis, and activation
Neuroglia support in NS - Answers :1. Structural, infastructure, synaptic components
2. Insulation to minimize current loss along axon
3. environmental maintence
4. tropic support
Propiocetion - Answers :Knowledge of location of body
What is used to map out the input of proprioception - Answers :The homunculus
Frontal lobe association area and pre motor context involvement in movement planning
- Answers :Involved in early movement plan
Primary motor cortex (frontal lobe) role in movement planning - Answers :Relays final
movement plan to spinal cord to activate relevant motor units for movement
Primary sensory cortex (parietal lobe) in movement plan - Answers :Recieves
somatotopically arranged sensory input to be utilized in addressing key issues
Association area in parietal lobe role in movement plan - Answers :Integrates
information from many individual body parts to provide sense of "whole body"
Cerebellum role is movement planning - Answers :Motor learning, balance,
coordination, termination
,Basal ganglia role is movement planning - Answers :Collection of nuclei involved in
initiation of movement, learning and choice of movement repertoires as well as in
memory tasks
EEG - Answers :Indicates electrical activity generated in regions of CNS
Where are neurotransmitters synthesized packaged and released from - Answers
:Presynaptic neuron
Where is motor command sent to (plan to move) - Answers :Primary motor cortex
What does force production depend on? - Answers :Formation of cross bridges between
actin and myosin ( number of cross bridges)
What determine the velocity of force production - Answers :The rate at which a fiber can
form and break and reform cross-bridges
What is the best evidence that there are changes in the spinal cord with training that
could lead to an increase in muscle force? - Answers :The Hoffman reflex (artificially
evoked stretch reflex)
Which of the following were given as given as models of "disuse" in our opening lecture
of the presentation of a case study?
A. Microgravity environment of space flight
B. Excessive screen time
C. Being a couch potato
D. A limb being in a cast due to a fracture
E. All the above - Answers :E. All the above
There are approximately 10 times more neurons in the nervous system compared with
neuroglia cells. - Answers :FALSE
Tropic effect - Answers :Effect of one system or cell on another
Cell body and dendrites function - Answers :-Receptive area for incoming input
- cell body is also powerhouse and maintenance man
Axon function - Answers :Cable to transmit signal to other neurons or effector cells can
vary from microns to meters
Synapse function - Answers :Site of communication
What type of signals does the synapse convert - Answers :Electrical to chemical
Where is the presynapse - Answers :Axon terminal or bouton
, Fast synapses dependent on what - Answers :Dependent on ion-flux through ligand-
gated ion channels
How do fast synapses generate voltage changes - Answers :From small end plate
potentials to action potentials
Which of the following parts of a typical neuron are thought to comprise the receptive
area of a neuron? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)
A. Axon
B. Dendrites
C. Cell body
D. Presynaptic terminal - Answers :B. Dendrites
C. Cell body
The primary somatosensory cortex is located in which lobe of the brain? - Answers
:Parietal
In class today I discussed what the primary motor cortex might encode to perform a
movement. Which two of the answers below did I provide experimental evidence for in
class today as far as what the primary motor cortex encodes in movement? - Answers
:Force of a movement
Movement of a direction
Which lobe of the brain contains the supplementary motor area? - Answers :frontal
In class I used the example of a muscle spindle to make the point that the strength of a
stimulus is encoded by the discharge frequency of a particular sensory receptor. The
muscle spindle detects which of the following? - Answers :Muscle length
Systemic communication - Answers :-Response to momentary stimulus or demand
-Acute or short-term
-May be an integrated system response
WHY??? - Answers :To maintain homeostasis of critical physiological processes
What are other generally long- term effects of systemic communication - Answers :-
Supportive (nutrition): neuroglisl for neurons not immediate but maintain
-Coordination or promote cell growth (proliferation)
-Coordinate or promote cell differentiation
-Maintenance of cell and tissue functions
With age how do bone and muscle grow compared to one another? - Answers :They
growth in parallel growth
In the presentation of a case study, I discussed a study that compared swimmers,
runners, cyclists, and triathletes compared to control subjects and showed that what
variable was statistically improved in the group of runners compared with any of the
other groups? - Answers :Increased bone mineral density in the bones of the leg
In the presentation of a case study I showed that changes in the brain leading to
cognitive improvement due to an animal being in a rich stimulating environment or due
to daily exercise routines might be due to which one of the following - Answers
:Increases in brain derived neurotrophic factor
What are fast synapses also referred to as - Answers :Ionotropic synapses
Slow synapses also referred to as - Answers :Metabotropic synapses
Where does the post-synaptic response occur on slow synapses - Answers :Via any
2nd messenger cells signaling pathways
results in longer term changes in cell metabolism, protein synthesis, and activation
Neuroglia support in NS - Answers :1. Structural, infastructure, synaptic components
2. Insulation to minimize current loss along axon
3. environmental maintence
4. tropic support
Propiocetion - Answers :Knowledge of location of body
What is used to map out the input of proprioception - Answers :The homunculus
Frontal lobe association area and pre motor context involvement in movement planning
- Answers :Involved in early movement plan
Primary motor cortex (frontal lobe) role in movement planning - Answers :Relays final
movement plan to spinal cord to activate relevant motor units for movement
Primary sensory cortex (parietal lobe) in movement plan - Answers :Recieves
somatotopically arranged sensory input to be utilized in addressing key issues
Association area in parietal lobe role in movement plan - Answers :Integrates
information from many individual body parts to provide sense of "whole body"
Cerebellum role is movement planning - Answers :Motor learning, balance,
coordination, termination
,Basal ganglia role is movement planning - Answers :Collection of nuclei involved in
initiation of movement, learning and choice of movement repertoires as well as in
memory tasks
EEG - Answers :Indicates electrical activity generated in regions of CNS
Where are neurotransmitters synthesized packaged and released from - Answers
:Presynaptic neuron
Where is motor command sent to (plan to move) - Answers :Primary motor cortex
What does force production depend on? - Answers :Formation of cross bridges between
actin and myosin ( number of cross bridges)
What determine the velocity of force production - Answers :The rate at which a fiber can
form and break and reform cross-bridges
What is the best evidence that there are changes in the spinal cord with training that
could lead to an increase in muscle force? - Answers :The Hoffman reflex (artificially
evoked stretch reflex)
Which of the following were given as given as models of "disuse" in our opening lecture
of the presentation of a case study?
A. Microgravity environment of space flight
B. Excessive screen time
C. Being a couch potato
D. A limb being in a cast due to a fracture
E. All the above - Answers :E. All the above
There are approximately 10 times more neurons in the nervous system compared with
neuroglia cells. - Answers :FALSE
Tropic effect - Answers :Effect of one system or cell on another
Cell body and dendrites function - Answers :-Receptive area for incoming input
- cell body is also powerhouse and maintenance man
Axon function - Answers :Cable to transmit signal to other neurons or effector cells can
vary from microns to meters
Synapse function - Answers :Site of communication
What type of signals does the synapse convert - Answers :Electrical to chemical
Where is the presynapse - Answers :Axon terminal or bouton
, Fast synapses dependent on what - Answers :Dependent on ion-flux through ligand-
gated ion channels
How do fast synapses generate voltage changes - Answers :From small end plate
potentials to action potentials
Which of the following parts of a typical neuron are thought to comprise the receptive
area of a neuron? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)
A. Axon
B. Dendrites
C. Cell body
D. Presynaptic terminal - Answers :B. Dendrites
C. Cell body
The primary somatosensory cortex is located in which lobe of the brain? - Answers
:Parietal
In class today I discussed what the primary motor cortex might encode to perform a
movement. Which two of the answers below did I provide experimental evidence for in
class today as far as what the primary motor cortex encodes in movement? - Answers
:Force of a movement
Movement of a direction
Which lobe of the brain contains the supplementary motor area? - Answers :frontal
In class I used the example of a muscle spindle to make the point that the strength of a
stimulus is encoded by the discharge frequency of a particular sensory receptor. The
muscle spindle detects which of the following? - Answers :Muscle length
Systemic communication - Answers :-Response to momentary stimulus or demand
-Acute or short-term
-May be an integrated system response
WHY??? - Answers :To maintain homeostasis of critical physiological processes
What are other generally long- term effects of systemic communication - Answers :-
Supportive (nutrition): neuroglisl for neurons not immediate but maintain
-Coordination or promote cell growth (proliferation)
-Coordinate or promote cell differentiation
-Maintenance of cell and tissue functions
With age how do bone and muscle grow compared to one another? - Answers :They
growth in parallel growth
