BIO 669 Understanding Patho Quiz 2
Neurological System: Exam 1 Questions With
Complete Solutions
_____________ and ____________ do not cross the
plasma membrane and thus require a receptor to
relay the effect into the cell. Correct Answers
proteins and charged particles
__________________ is the flow of ions between
segments of myelin rather than along the entire
length of the axon. Correct Answers Saltatory
conduction
___________________ degeneration is degeneration of
a nerve fiber that has been separated by
____________ or _____________. Correct Answers
Wallerian; injury or disease.
3 layers of connective tissue that cover the brain
and spinal cord: Correct Answers 1. pia mater.
2. arachnoid mater.
3. dura mater.
3 main breakdowns of the areas of the brain:
Where is the major bulk of brain mass located?
Correct Answers 1. forebrain - largest bulk of brain
mass here.
2. midbrain.
,3. hindbrain
4 major lobes of the brain: Correct Answers 1.
frontal.
2. parietal.
3. occipital.
4. temporal.
5 components of the cerebrum: Correct Answers
1. sulci.
2. gyri.
3. fissures.
4. gray matter.
5. white matter.
A bound receptors effect can be direct by
____________ or indirect by __________. Correct
Answers 1. opening an ion channel.
2. activating an enzyme that activates production
of the second messenger. Can have wide affect by
catalyzing many interrelated processes.
a decrease in impulses in MG will result in these
Sx: Correct Answers skeletal muscle weakness
due to decreased signaling and contractions.
A network of axons from several anterior rami of
adjacent nerves that join and split several times
,prior to giving rise to the peripheral nerves.
Correct Answers Plexus.
ex: brachial, cervical.
A network of connected nuclei that regulate vital
reflexes such as cardiovascular and respiratory
function is called: Correct Answers reticular
formation.
A progressive failure of many cerebral functions is:
Correct Answers dementia.
This includes impairment of intellectual processes.
A solution that is being studied for treatment of AD
is: Correct Answers to treat amyloid prior to it
causing a problem.
Absolute vs Relative refractory periods Correct
Answers Absolute refractory periods cannot
generate an action potential regardless of the
depolarizing graded potential present.
Relative refractory periods can generate action
potentials, but it is more difficult due to
hyperpolarization.
action potential vs graded potential Correct
Answers action potentials have self-sustaining
, movements that are similar, and sustain
movements of signals down a membrane.
graded potentials are local, brief changes in
membrane potentials that decrease over distance.
They cause depolarization or hyperpolarization, but
do not trigger a movement of signals. (magniture
varies).
Action potentials proceed without:
and are followed by: Correct Answers decrement.
Do not diminish over time or distance.
a refractory period (reduced sensitivity period).
adrenergic receptor types: Correct Answers alpha
1, 2.
beta 1, 2, 3.
afferent vs efferent nerve fibers Correct Answers
afferent = carries signals up to the brain
efferent = carries signals from the brain to te
affector organs.
afferent vs efferent pathways in the PNS Correct
Answers afferent pathways are ascending from the
PNS up to the CNS.
Neurological System: Exam 1 Questions With
Complete Solutions
_____________ and ____________ do not cross the
plasma membrane and thus require a receptor to
relay the effect into the cell. Correct Answers
proteins and charged particles
__________________ is the flow of ions between
segments of myelin rather than along the entire
length of the axon. Correct Answers Saltatory
conduction
___________________ degeneration is degeneration of
a nerve fiber that has been separated by
____________ or _____________. Correct Answers
Wallerian; injury or disease.
3 layers of connective tissue that cover the brain
and spinal cord: Correct Answers 1. pia mater.
2. arachnoid mater.
3. dura mater.
3 main breakdowns of the areas of the brain:
Where is the major bulk of brain mass located?
Correct Answers 1. forebrain - largest bulk of brain
mass here.
2. midbrain.
,3. hindbrain
4 major lobes of the brain: Correct Answers 1.
frontal.
2. parietal.
3. occipital.
4. temporal.
5 components of the cerebrum: Correct Answers
1. sulci.
2. gyri.
3. fissures.
4. gray matter.
5. white matter.
A bound receptors effect can be direct by
____________ or indirect by __________. Correct
Answers 1. opening an ion channel.
2. activating an enzyme that activates production
of the second messenger. Can have wide affect by
catalyzing many interrelated processes.
a decrease in impulses in MG will result in these
Sx: Correct Answers skeletal muscle weakness
due to decreased signaling and contractions.
A network of axons from several anterior rami of
adjacent nerves that join and split several times
,prior to giving rise to the peripheral nerves.
Correct Answers Plexus.
ex: brachial, cervical.
A network of connected nuclei that regulate vital
reflexes such as cardiovascular and respiratory
function is called: Correct Answers reticular
formation.
A progressive failure of many cerebral functions is:
Correct Answers dementia.
This includes impairment of intellectual processes.
A solution that is being studied for treatment of AD
is: Correct Answers to treat amyloid prior to it
causing a problem.
Absolute vs Relative refractory periods Correct
Answers Absolute refractory periods cannot
generate an action potential regardless of the
depolarizing graded potential present.
Relative refractory periods can generate action
potentials, but it is more difficult due to
hyperpolarization.
action potential vs graded potential Correct
Answers action potentials have self-sustaining
, movements that are similar, and sustain
movements of signals down a membrane.
graded potentials are local, brief changes in
membrane potentials that decrease over distance.
They cause depolarization or hyperpolarization, but
do not trigger a movement of signals. (magniture
varies).
Action potentials proceed without:
and are followed by: Correct Answers decrement.
Do not diminish over time or distance.
a refractory period (reduced sensitivity period).
adrenergic receptor types: Correct Answers alpha
1, 2.
beta 1, 2, 3.
afferent vs efferent nerve fibers Correct Answers
afferent = carries signals up to the brain
efferent = carries signals from the brain to te
affector organs.
afferent vs efferent pathways in the PNS Correct
Answers afferent pathways are ascending from the
PNS up to the CNS.
