NURS246 Nursing Theory Exam

What are theories? - -Theories are specific and concrete concepts and propositions that purport to account for or organize some phenomenon. The metaparadigm for nursing focuses on what 4 concepts? - -human beings, environment, health, and nursing Define philosophy - -your state of beliefs or values Define conceptual framework - -a collection of interrelated concepts that provides direction for nursing practice, research, and education List the components of the nursing metaparadigm - -person, environment, health, and nursing What represents a group of concepts that can be tested in practice and can be derived from a conceptual model? - -nursing theory Grand theories - -Nursing theories consisting of a global conceptual framework that defines broad perspectives for nursing practice and provides ways of looking at nursing phenomena from a distinct nursing viewpoint? Theories that are big and define key concepts - -grand theories Theories that are more narrowly focused, specific, and concrete - -middle-range theories Middle-range theories - -Moderately abstract and has a limited number of variables; more concrete and narrowly focused on a specific condition or population than are grand theories Nursing theories are frameworks for what? - -practice, education, and research Why are nursing theories important? - -They provide the framework for practice, education, and research. Developed the theory that nurses manipulate the environment to promote health - Nightingale What were the 5 essential components of environmental health in Nightingale's theory? - -pure air, pure water, efficient drainage, cleanliness, and light (additionally: warmth, quiet, diet, and variety) NUR246 NUR246 Developed the Philosophy of Transpersonal Caring--Science of Caring - -Jean Watson What does the philosophy of transpersonal caring theory state - -through caring behaviors, nurses assist patients to attain unity and harmony within the mind, body, and soul Which theory was based on altruistic/humanistic values with a holistic focus? - Philosophy of transpersonal caring Who defined health as "unity and harmony within the mind, body, and soul"? - -Jean Watson (Philosophy of transpersonal caring) Who's theory included the 10 Caritas Processes as a directing factor of nursing care? - Jean Watson (Philosophy of transpersonal caring) Which theorist focused on intentionality and holistic care? - -Jean Watson (Philosophy of transpersonal caring) Developed the Self-Care Deficit Theory - -Dorothea Orem What was Jean Watson's nursing theory? - -Philosophy of transpersonal caring What was Dorothea Orem's nursing theory? - -Self-Care Deficit Theory Which nursing theory stated that nurses support their patients so patients can maintain self-care? - -Self-Care Deficit Theory (Orem) Which nurse theorist defined nursing as deliberate actions helping patients meet their therapeutic self-care demands and develop the patient's self-care agency? - -Dorothea Orem (Self-Care Deficit Theory) Developed the Adaptation Model - -Sister Callista Roy What did Sister Callista Roy develop? - -Adaptation Model Who's theory stated that nurses help the patient adapt to changes in physiological needs, self-concept, role function, and interdependent relations during health and illness? - -Adaptation Model (Roy) Who believed that people have needs withing the physiological---physical mode, self concept/group identity mode, role function mode, and interdependence mode? - -Sister Callista Roy (Adaptation Model) Who believed that nurses have to help patients adapt to and navigate stressors? - Sister Callista Roy (Adaptation Model) NUR246 NUR246 Developed the Systems Theory - -Betty Neuman Betty Neuman developed what theory? - -Systems Theory Which theory states that nurses promote stability in the system by preventing stressors or promoting the integrity of the lines of defense? - -Systems Theory (Neuman) Betty Neuman focused on what type of patient care? - -Holistic care Which theorist viewed the person as an energy system that is open and complex which continually reacts to stressors within the environment? - -Betty Neuman (Systems Theory) Which theorist believed that illness or other stressors affect the system by penetrating the line of defense and disrupting the system? - -Betty Neuman Developed the Cultural Care Theory - -Madeleine Leininger What was Leininger's theory? - -Cultural Care Theory Which theory states that nurses provide culturally congruent nursing care? - -Cultural Care Theory (Leininger) What type of nursing focuses on holistic care to assist individuals or groups to maintain or regain their health, deal with disabilities, dying, or other human conditions in culturally congruent and beneficial ways? - -Transcultural nursing Which theory is depicted in the Sunrise Enabler? - -Culture Care Theory (Leininger) What is Leininger's transcultural nursing model? - -Sunrise Enabler Developed the Theory of Interpersonal Relations - -Hildegard Peplau What was Peplau's theory? - -Theory of Interpersonal Relations Which theory states that nurse-client relationship is an interpersonal and therapeutic process? - -Theory of Interpersonal Relations (Peplau) Describe how research, theory, and practice are interrelated - -The relationship between theory, research and practice are reciprocal in that each informs the other in the development of disciplinary knowledge. Practice is also the testing ground for theory, where only those theories found helpful to practice survive and evolve. Practice is also a source for new theories. "First Lady of Nursing" - -Virginia Henderson