Praxis 5005 Science: Life Science || QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS!!
Cell Theory correct answers 1)all cells arise from preexisting cells
2)all living organisms are composed of 1 or more cells
3)Cells are the basic unit of structure and function
2 Types of Cells correct answers 1) Prokaryotes - single-celled called bacteria
2) Eukaryotes - many cells with membrane-bound nucleus
cell anatomy correct answers 1) cell membrane - door
2) nucleus - Control center (DNA)
3) Ribosome - production of protein; made by nucleolus
4) Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - transports proteins
5) Golgi Body- (folded membranes) -storage, packaging, and distribution of protein
6) Mitochondria - Site of energy production
7) Lysosomes - Digestive enzymes
8-10) are unique to Plants
8) Cell Wall- protective covering for the cell membrane
9) Chloroplasts - Photosynthesis occurs here
10) Central Vacuole - water storage spot for the cell
Cell membrane correct answers good things in; waste out
Marker Proteins - serves as "address sign" for the cell
Endocytosis - Capture good things
Exocytosis- Release bad things
Nucleus correct answers Located within cytoplasm and protected by lipid bilayer membrane
Nucleoplasm- Surrounds, supports, and protects the genetic code
Chromatin- contains histones, proteins, and DNA double helix
Nucleolus- makes ribonsomal RNA
Ribosomes correct answers 2 Types: 1) Free 2) Attached
Translation - process used to make protein
ER correct answers 2 Types: 1) Rough - attached to membrane lining 2) Smooth - not
attached
Mitochondria correct answers process by which cells harvest energy from food in the form of
ATP.
Cell Cycle - correct answers 3 STAGES: Interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis
Interphase (longest phase) correct answers 3 phases: 1) Growth(G1), Synthesis (makes DNA)
(S), 2nd Growth(G2)
Mitosis correct answers Process by which the nucleus divides into two indentical nuclei in
preparation for cytokinesis; creates sex cells in preparation for sexual reproduction.
, 4 phases: 1) Prophase (longest) -Chromosomes become visible, 2) Metaphase (shortest)-
spindle fibers orient, 3) Anaphase- equal separation and distribution of chromosomes to
opposite sides of the cell, 4) Telophase (opposite of prophase)- cells complete migration to
opposite sides of the cell and uncoil; opposite of prophase.
Cytokinesis correct answers Final Stage - cell divides to form two daughter cells
Meiosis correct answers creation of sex cell for sexual reproduction; halves chromosomes in
a gamete so that when gametes combine, the normal chromosome number is restored
Bioenergetics correct answers Energy flowing through living systems
1)Endergonic - energy released
2)Exergonic - energy created
Photosythesis correct answers process that produces food energy for most life forms;
Endergonic reaction
2 Stages - Light reaction and Dark reaction
Metabolism correct answers biochemical reaction; cells receive most of their energy this way
Cellular Respiration (combustion reaction) correct answers cells harvest the energy of
organic compound, if oxygen is needed (aerobic), if oxygen is not needed (anaerobic)
Fermentation correct answers anaerobic cellular respiration that occurs when there is no
oxygen present, usually performed by Prokaryotes
DNA correct answers Blueprint of the cell; contains genetic information
Contains TWO nucleotides that create double helix
Holds template for making proteins
Nucleotide correct answers 3 parts: Sugar & Phosphate- create supporting structure;
Nitrogenous - stairs
SPiN- Sugar, Phosphate, Nitrogenous
Proteins correct answers serve many functions within organism
Protein Synthesis correct answers Two Step process - Transcription and Translation
DNA --> RNA --> Protein
Transcription correct answers Genetic code with DNA which helps make RNA; takes place
in nucleus.
Translation correct answers RNA becomes Protein; occurs within ribosomes
RNA correct answers performs the function of a messenger between DNA and the protein
system complexes known as ribosomes.
characteristics of living things correct answers 1) made of cells
2) Growth and development
3) Capable of reproduction
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS!!
Cell Theory correct answers 1)all cells arise from preexisting cells
2)all living organisms are composed of 1 or more cells
3)Cells are the basic unit of structure and function
2 Types of Cells correct answers 1) Prokaryotes - single-celled called bacteria
2) Eukaryotes - many cells with membrane-bound nucleus
cell anatomy correct answers 1) cell membrane - door
2) nucleus - Control center (DNA)
3) Ribosome - production of protein; made by nucleolus
4) Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - transports proteins
5) Golgi Body- (folded membranes) -storage, packaging, and distribution of protein
6) Mitochondria - Site of energy production
7) Lysosomes - Digestive enzymes
8-10) are unique to Plants
8) Cell Wall- protective covering for the cell membrane
9) Chloroplasts - Photosynthesis occurs here
10) Central Vacuole - water storage spot for the cell
Cell membrane correct answers good things in; waste out
Marker Proteins - serves as "address sign" for the cell
Endocytosis - Capture good things
Exocytosis- Release bad things
Nucleus correct answers Located within cytoplasm and protected by lipid bilayer membrane
Nucleoplasm- Surrounds, supports, and protects the genetic code
Chromatin- contains histones, proteins, and DNA double helix
Nucleolus- makes ribonsomal RNA
Ribosomes correct answers 2 Types: 1) Free 2) Attached
Translation - process used to make protein
ER correct answers 2 Types: 1) Rough - attached to membrane lining 2) Smooth - not
attached
Mitochondria correct answers process by which cells harvest energy from food in the form of
ATP.
Cell Cycle - correct answers 3 STAGES: Interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis
Interphase (longest phase) correct answers 3 phases: 1) Growth(G1), Synthesis (makes DNA)
(S), 2nd Growth(G2)
Mitosis correct answers Process by which the nucleus divides into two indentical nuclei in
preparation for cytokinesis; creates sex cells in preparation for sexual reproduction.
, 4 phases: 1) Prophase (longest) -Chromosomes become visible, 2) Metaphase (shortest)-
spindle fibers orient, 3) Anaphase- equal separation and distribution of chromosomes to
opposite sides of the cell, 4) Telophase (opposite of prophase)- cells complete migration to
opposite sides of the cell and uncoil; opposite of prophase.
Cytokinesis correct answers Final Stage - cell divides to form two daughter cells
Meiosis correct answers creation of sex cell for sexual reproduction; halves chromosomes in
a gamete so that when gametes combine, the normal chromosome number is restored
Bioenergetics correct answers Energy flowing through living systems
1)Endergonic - energy released
2)Exergonic - energy created
Photosythesis correct answers process that produces food energy for most life forms;
Endergonic reaction
2 Stages - Light reaction and Dark reaction
Metabolism correct answers biochemical reaction; cells receive most of their energy this way
Cellular Respiration (combustion reaction) correct answers cells harvest the energy of
organic compound, if oxygen is needed (aerobic), if oxygen is not needed (anaerobic)
Fermentation correct answers anaerobic cellular respiration that occurs when there is no
oxygen present, usually performed by Prokaryotes
DNA correct answers Blueprint of the cell; contains genetic information
Contains TWO nucleotides that create double helix
Holds template for making proteins
Nucleotide correct answers 3 parts: Sugar & Phosphate- create supporting structure;
Nitrogenous - stairs
SPiN- Sugar, Phosphate, Nitrogenous
Proteins correct answers serve many functions within organism
Protein Synthesis correct answers Two Step process - Transcription and Translation
DNA --> RNA --> Protein
Transcription correct answers Genetic code with DNA which helps make RNA; takes place
in nucleus.
Translation correct answers RNA becomes Protein; occurs within ribosomes
RNA correct answers performs the function of a messenger between DNA and the protein
system complexes known as ribosomes.
characteristics of living things correct answers 1) made of cells
2) Growth and development
3) Capable of reproduction
